Yupa (Yukpa)



Tradition title rus: 
Юпа (юкпа)
Areal ID: 
14.3.4.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
91.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
77.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a22To the sky from a bonfireAfter getting into the fire or boiling water, one or two persons ascend to the sky and turn into the Sun and/or Moon
a23Elections of the Sun to beThe primeval ancestors come together to choose the best candidate to become the Sun and/or to send the Sun to the sky or to see how the Sun rises to the sky for the first time
a24The first sunriseIn the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones
a27Crowns of the Sun and MoonLight and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)
a2a1The Moon was as bright as the SunInitially, the Moon was as bright and hot as the Sun
a2dSuns of the other worldsDifferent suns illuminate different worlds or will appear successively in the future
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a31The incestuous Moon As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b26Man joins wild animalsPerson who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b29Eschatological feastPeople turn into animals, birds or stones at a feast, after the feast, after performing a ritual or after a victory over dangerous enemy
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b54Chips turn into fishChips of wood, branches or pieces of bark thrown or fallen into the water turn into fish and/or aquatic animals
b9Water in the tree trunkThere is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c7The flood: breaking the damIn the beginning of times or after the flood a dam of earth, person or creature does not let water to recede. The dam is broken or opened, waters withdraw
d11Food baked in armpitsBefore fire became known, people prepared food using warmth of their bodies (usually putting food in their armpits); or a person keeps fire in his or her armpits
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d7Fire and toadFrog or toad possesses the fire, steals it from original owner, tries to extinguish or to save it
e2People made for a testMaking people, creator does not reach perfection immediately. First variants of creation are rejected, then proper form and material found
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5cPeople from the skyThe first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
e8People of woodThe first people or (the first) woman (wife of a primeval ancestor) are made of wood
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9gVulture-wifeMan marries vulture-woman
f1First woman is a transformed manWoman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)
f27Girls and the water spiritsFor girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods
f28Primeval penisThe penis is a particular monstrous being with whom copulate the primeval women, the amazons, or a certain woman
f28aPrimeval penis grows from the groundThere is only one monstrous penis, a husband of primeval women or the amazons, which grows out of the ground or out of the water in a lake
f28dArtificial conceptionWoman conceives after masturbating with an artificial penis
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f34Land animal paramourCertain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f36Sons kill paramourThe (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father
f6Gouged our vaginaWoman has no vagina and it is later made by bird or animal
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g24Food from the skyFirst seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)
g27Plants from urinePerson urinates producing the first cultivated plants
h11The call of GodPeople become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h39Snakes become dangerous (the spilled poison)Certain creatures (snakes, insects) get access to special substance that proved to be out of control and become poisonous or immortal; creatures obtain their characteristics (usually becomes poisonous) after drinking or licking a particular medicine
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
i109Milky Way is the path of the SunMilky Way is the path of the Sun and/or Moon
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i16Body anomalies of the first peopleFirst human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i18A spouse or husband without anus or mouthPerson visits people who have no anus or mouth. He or his sister marries or tries to marry a local dweller
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i20The undeground dwarfsRace of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet
i20cDwarfs live in the underworldDwarfs live in the underworld that somewhat reminds the world of humans. If the dwarfs and the humans meet, it is deep under the earther
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22eObjects in permanent move on the way of the deadOn their way to the Beyond, souls of the dead must get between clashing rocks or other moving obstacles
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i24A snake bridgeSnake, lizard or worm is a bridge or a rope over the river
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i27bDog as a ferrymanA dog ferries person across a river that forms a border between the worlds
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i48Confined to the underworldCertain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i7The cloud serpentA flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i83The sky of birdsBirds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
i8cThe suspended earthThe earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25eMagic wife is an ancestorAll humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l24Monsters suffocatedDemons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons
l32Gluttonous stoneStone swallows, bites or transforms people
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l65Demonic babyA baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m12The unlucky hunterNot to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m75Valuables taken off the vulturesPerson attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object


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