Yupa (Yukpa)



Tradition title rus: 
Юпа (юкпа)
Areal ID: 
14.3.4.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
91.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
77.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a2d


Name_eng: 
Suns of the other worlds
Description: 

Different suns illuminate different worlds or will appear successively in the future




Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a22


Name_eng: 
To the sky from a bonfire
Description: 

After getting into the fire or boiling water, one or two persons ascend to the sky and turn into the Sun and/or Moon




Motif

a23


Name_eng: 
Elections of the Sun to be
Description: 

The primeval ancestors come together to choose the best candidate to become the Sun and/or to send the Sun to the sky or to see how the Sun rises to the sky for the first time




Motif

a24


Name_eng: 
The first sunrise
Description: 

In the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones




Motif

a27


Name_eng: 
Crowns of the Sun and Moon
Description: 

Light and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)




Motif

a31


Name_eng: 
The incestuous Moon
Description: 

As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky




Motif

a35


Name_eng: 
Spots on the lunar disc
Description: 

Dark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b9


Name_eng: 
Water in the tree trunk
Description: 

There is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water




Motif

b26


Name_eng: 
Man joins wild animals
Description: 

Person who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master




Motif

b28


Name_eng: 
Travelling transformer
Description: 

The transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.




Motif

b29


Name_eng: 
Eschatological feast
Description: 

People turn into animals, birds or stones at a feast, after the feast, after performing a ritual or after a victory over dangerous enemy




Motif

b54


Name_eng: 
Chips turn into fish
Description: 

Chips of wood, branches or pieces of bark thrown or fallen into the water turn into fish and/or aquatic animals




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

c7


Name_eng: 
The flood: breaking the dam
Description: 

In the beginning of times or after the flood a dam of earth, person or creature does not let water to recede. The dam is broken or opened, waters withdraw




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

d7


Name_eng: 
Fire and toad
Description: 

Frog or toad possesses the fire, steals it from original owner, tries to extinguish or to save it




Motif

d11


Name_eng: 
Food baked in armpits
Description: 

Before fire became known, people prepared food using warmth of their bodies (usually putting food in their armpits); or a person keeps fire in his or her armpits




Motif

e2


Name_eng: 
People made for a test
Description: 

Making people, creator does not reach perfection immediately. First variants of creation are rejected, then proper form and material found




Motif

e5a


Name_eng: 
Mankind ascends from the underworld
Description: 

The first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together




Motif

e5c


Name_eng: 
People from the sky
Description: 

The first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.




Motif

e8


Name_eng: 
People of wood
Description: 

The first people or (the first) woman (wife of a primeval ancestor) are made of wood




Motif

e9


Name_eng: 
The mysterious housekeeper
Description: 

Person observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one




Motif

e9g


Name_eng: 
Vulture-wife
Description: 

Man marries vulture-woman




Motif

f1


Name_eng: 
First woman is a transformed man
Description: 

Woman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)




Motif

f6


Name_eng: 
Gouged our vagina
Description: 

Woman has no vagina and it is later made by bird or animal




Motif

f27


Name_eng: 
Girls and the water spirits
Description: 

For girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods




Motif

f28a


Name_eng: 
Primeval penis grows from the ground
Description: 

There is only one monstrous penis, a husband of primeval women or the amazons, which grows out of the ground or out of the water in a lake




Motif

f28d


Name_eng: 
Artificial conception
Description: 

Woman conceives after masturbating with an artificial penis




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f34


Name_eng: 
Land animal paramour
Description: 

Certain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman




Motif

f35


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the paramour’s meat
Description: 

Person feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is




Motif

f36


Name_eng: 
Sons kill paramour
Description: 

The (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father




Motif

g20


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into plants
Description: 

Food crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl




Motif

g27


Name_eng: 
Plants from urine
Description: 

Person urinates producing the first cultivated plants




Motif

h4


Name_eng: 
The shed skin
Description: 

Those who change their skin become young again




Motif

h5


Name_eng: 
People and snakes
Description: 

Reptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death




Motif

h11


Name_eng: 
The call of God
Description: 

People become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

h39


Name_eng: 
Snakes become dangerous (the spilled poison)
Description: 

Certain creatures (snakes, insects) get access to special substance that proved to be out of control and become poisonous or immortal; creatures obtain their characteristics (usually becomes poisonous) after drinking or licking a particular medicine




Motif

i7


Name_eng: 
The cloud serpent
Description: 

A flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm




Motif

i8c


Name_eng: 
The suspended earth
Description: 

The earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes




Motif

i8e1


Name_eng: 
Four supports of the world
Description: 

The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)




Motif

i8g


Name_eng: 
Atlas
Description: 

One giant supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i16


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of the first people
Description: 

First human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth




Motif

i17


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant land
Description: 

Beings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land




Motif

i18


Name_eng: 
A spouse or husband without anus or mouth
Description: 

Person visits people who have no anus or mouth. He or his sister marries or tries to marry a local dweller




Motif

i19


Name_eng: 
People inhale the odor of food
Description: 

Anthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor




Motif

i20


Name_eng: 
The undeground dwarfs
Description: 

Race of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet




Motif

i22


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent movement
Description: 

There are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)




Motif

i24


Name_eng: 
A snake bridge
Description: 

Snake, lizard or worm is a bridge or a rope over the river




Motif

i27


Name_eng: 
Chthonic canine
Description: 

A dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead




Motif

i27b


Name_eng: 
Dog as a ferryman
Description: 

A dog ferries person across a river that forms a border between the worlds




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

i39


Name_eng: 
Rainbow road or bridge
Description: 

Rainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder




Motif

i41


Name_eng: 
Rainbow serpent
Description: 

Rainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail




Motif

i48


Name_eng: 
Confined to the underworld
Description: 

Certain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms




Motif

i65


Name_eng: 
Milky Way of the dead
Description: 

Milky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession




Motif

i69


Name_eng: 
Star dung
Description: 

Shining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers




Motif

i72


Name_eng: 
Stars are people
Description: 

Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)




Motif

i83


Name_eng: 
The sky of birds
Description: 

Birds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world




Motif

i109


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is the path of the Sun
Description: 

Milky Way is the path of the Sun and/or Moon




Motif

j44


Name_eng: 
The broken bridge
Description: 

Person or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice




Motif

j46


Name_eng: 
Enemy drowns
Description: 

Antagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

l5c


Name_eng: 
Rolling head is a dangerous monster
Description: 

Rolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)




Motif

l11


Name_eng: 
Turtle-bench
Description: 

In a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles




Motif

l13


Name_eng: 
The reared up monster
Description: 

A small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous




Motif

l14


Name_eng: 
Reared up serpent
Description: 

A small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)




Motif

l18


Name_eng: 
Multi-headed bird
Description: 

A bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art




Motif

l19b


Name_eng: 
Beings with odd number of heads
Description: 

Being (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads




Motif

l24


Name_eng: 
Monsters suffocated
Description: 

Demons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons




Motif

l32


Name_eng: 
Gluttonous stone
Description: 

Stone swallows, bites or transforms people




Motif

l38


Name_eng: 
Demon’s trap
Description: 

A demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it




Motif

l65


Name_eng: 
Demonic baby
Description: 

A baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people




Motif

m8


Name_eng: 
Breaking the obstacle
Description: 

Non-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object




Motif

m12


Name_eng: 
The unlucky hunter
Description: 

Not to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m75


Name_eng: 
Valuables taken off the vultures
Description: 

Person attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)




Motif

g24


Name_eng: 
Food from the sky
Description: 

First seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)




Motif

i20c


Name_eng: 
Dwarfs live in the underworld
Description: 

Dwarfs live in the underworld that somewhat reminds the world of humans. If the dwarfs and the humans meet, it is deep under the earther




Motif

a2a1


Name_eng: 
The Moon was as bright as the Sun
Description: 

Initially, the Moon was as bright and hot as the Sun




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

i22e


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent move on the way of the dead
Description: 

On their way to the Beyond, souls of the dead must get between clashing rocks or other moving obstacles




Motif

i22g


Name_eng: 
Clapping rocks
Description: 

There are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing




Motif

k25e


Name_eng: 
Magic wife is an ancestor
Description: 

All humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin




Motif

f28


Name_eng: 
Primeval penis
Description: 

The penis is a particular monstrous being with whom copulate the primeval women, the amazons, or a certain woman




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Muisca, Muzo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lacandon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tenetehara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Paya (Pech), Sumu, Misquito
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karijona
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cofan (Cofán)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wayana, Aparai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sicuani
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kogi (Cagaba), Sanha, Creols of Aritama Valley
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sibundoy: Kamsa, Ingano (Inga)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Paresi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Wayapi, Emerillon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Sicuani
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Siona, Secoya, Coreguaje
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Witoto, Ocaina
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Ticuna (Tucuna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Aguaruna, Huambiza