Cofan (Cofán)



Tradition title rus: 
Кофан
Areal ID: 
15.3.2.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
84.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
46.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a18The Sun boatDuring the day and/or the night (in the underworld, beyond the horizon etc.) the Sun and/or the Moon regularly travel in a boat.
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
b26Man joins wild animalsPerson who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master
b27Variants of transformationsPersons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for him or her to turn into. When the choice is made, the persons transforms himself or herself
b27bTransformation into starsPersons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for them to turn. When the choice is made, persons turn into stars
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
e1bPerson of unfit materialsCertain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions
e9gVulture-wifeMan marries vulture-woman
f1First woman is a transformed manWoman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)
f18aThe long penisPenis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f18bLong penis after prohibited sexAfter contact with a non-human or prohibited partner (close kin, animal, spirit) man's penis becomes so long that he had to carry it in a basket, etc.
f19Dangerous frog paramourAfter copulation with a frog, man's penis is injured
f27Girls and the water spiritsFor girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods
f28Primeval penisThe penis is a particular monstrous being with whom copulate the primeval women, the amazons, or a certain woman
f28aPrimeval penis grows from the groundThere is only one monstrous penis, a husband of primeval women or the amazons, which grows out of the ground or out of the water in a lake
f36Sons kill paramourThe (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father
f53Ugly husbandAn ugly man marries a girl but conceals his face. Marriage is ruined after his face is seen
f53aBat or owl hides his faceA man hides his face from his wife because she does not know that he is a nocturnal being (a bat or an owl)
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
g10The hanging treeA tree which trunk is cut through do not fall because it is hold from above
g11Squirrel the woodcutterA squirrel plays crucial role in felling the gigantic tree
g24Food from the skyFirst seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)
g28The fish treeTree contains fish in its trunk
g8Restored treeA deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working
g8cCutting tree to get valuables(Animal-)people try to fell a tree that contains water and fish or has cultivated plants on its branches. The notch disappears and the tree becomes intact
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h20Fish disperse in the worldAll the fish or (rare) shellfish) was concentrated in one place. Certain person lets it lose or puts it into the rivers or sea
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h26Mosquitoes had to be drownedThe right way to dispose of container with stinging insects would be to throw it into the river or sea or bury in a far away place, but it was not done
h27Mosquitoes let loseStinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened
h35Fragile teethHuman teeth are made of material subject to easy damage (etiology of tooth ache in most cases)
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i83The sky of birdsBirds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
i99The Pleiades are boys or menThe Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j15Woman gets to dangerous creaturesWalking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed
j15aWoman gets to jaguarsSetting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of dangerous felines
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
j22dTwo animals from one cut in twoTwo halves of one animal or person which was cut in two turn into two animals of different species or into foreigners
j47Pursuer falls from heightPerson ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed
j48Parrot cuts the sky ropePerson ascends to the sky or descends from the sky to earth by a rope. A parrot cuts the rope, the person falls to earth
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j6Children of murdered woman grow up with her murderersPregnant woman is killed (and eaten up). Twins are cut off from her womb. They should be eaten too but survive, live (unrecognized) in the house of the antagonists and revenge on them
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k4The bird nesterPerson climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8fDeer in monster’s bellyA swallowed up person finds alive deer in the belly of the monster
l22The sound sleepAfter breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep. They do not feel when at night spirits come and injure or kill them
l24Monsters suffocatedDemons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons
l25Demonic girl sucks brainsPeople adopt a demonic child, girl or woman but discover that this being kills people (in particular babies left in its charge) sucking out their brains or taking out their eyes
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l28aEating of snake meat triggers floodBecause people (or certain person) eat the meat of a snake (dragon, strange fish), a flood begins or a landslide occurs, or a river (lake) appears
l3Husband turns into demonA demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)
l30Eating of snake meat triggers thirstPerson who breaks some sort of taboo (usually has eaten a prohibited food) is thirsty and drinks enormous quantity of water
l55Monster killed with hot liquidTo kill a dangerous animal or monster, acrid or hot liquid (boiling water, resin, soup, etc.) is poured into one of his body orifices
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l68Two companions in the nightPerson turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness
l7Chasing an animal by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby
l77Girl seen as a fruit eaten upPerson sees or smells people as delicious objects and devours them
l7bChasing a gourd-vessel by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake a gourd vessel that floats downriver
l82The burned off footIntentionally or not, a man burns his foot or his whole body in a fire, then turns into demon
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m29o1The monkey is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the monkey suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29o1The monkey is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the monkey suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m43Doll as a decoyTo kill or catch a monster, human figure of wood or clay or alive woman is exposed as a bait. Usually monster's claws or sharp leg get stuck in the wood
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m9Stuck in a tree hollowPerson who puts her or his head or hand into a tree hollow or (rare) other hole is stuck fast in it or falls into the hollow and dies or undergoes a metamorphosis
m9aTransformed into tree-frogPerson who sucks honey greedily from a tree hollow and/or is stuck in it turns into tree-frog


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Polar Inuit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karijona
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Letuama, Tanimuca, Ufaina, Yahuna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Iglulik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tenetehara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sicuani
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yupa (Yukpa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Siona, Secoya, Coreguaje

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Letuama, Tanimuca, Ufaina, Yahuna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yagua
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Desana, Siriano; Tatuyo, Bara, Tuyuca
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Warao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kabiyari, Yukuna (Yucuna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Aguaruna, Huambiza
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sauk (Sak, Mesquakie), Fox, Kickapoo