Polar Inuit



Tradition title rus: 
Полярные эскимосы
Areal ID: 
11.2.3.8
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
94.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
55.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a4


Name_eng: 
Female sun
Description: 

The Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female




Motif

a31


Name_eng: 
The incestuous Moon
Description: 

As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky




Motif

a44


Name_eng: 
Moon the protector
Description: 

A person pursued by an enemy or tyrannized by others asks the Moon to take her or him to the sky. The request is granted and the person is now seen in the Moon




Motif

b3e


Name_eng: 
Earth falls on waters
Description: 

In the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water




Motif

b27


Name_eng: 
Variants of transformations
Description: 

Persons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for him or her to turn into. When the choice is made, the persons transforms himself or herself




Motif

b31


Name_eng: 
Women turn into water mammal
Description: 

A woman (usually after a conflict with a man or remaining alone) or a man and a woman (married couple, lovers, brother and sister) turn into water mammals




Motif

b38


Name_eng: 
The ruined painting
Description: 

Person paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result




Motif

b42


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt
Description: 

Certain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue




Motif

b42k


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt and the Pleiades
Description: 

In the cosmic hunt tale either hunters or game is identified with the Pleiades




Motif

b42t


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a big mammal
Description: 

Seven main stars of Ursa major are interpreted as a figure of a mammal: bear, deer, mountain sheep, camel, dog




Motif

b44c


Name_eng: 
Should warmth and light exist?
Description: 

It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist




Motif

b54


Name_eng: 
Chips turn into fish
Description: 

Chips of wood, branches or pieces of bark thrown or fallen into the water turn into fish and/or aquatic animals




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

d13h


Name_eng: 
The dead should not laugh
Description: 

Person should not laugh in the world of the dead




Motif

e1b


Name_eng: 
Person of unfit materials
Description: 

Certain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions




Motif

e1c


Name_eng: 
Person of excrements
Description: 

Certain person is made of human excrement or carrion




Motif

e9


Name_eng: 
The mysterious housekeeper
Description: 

Person observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one




Motif

e9a


Name_eng: 
Fox-wife
Description: 

Man maries fox-woman




Motif

e30


Name_eng: 
The make-believe spouse of wood
Description: 

Person does not have a spouse, uses wooden fakes for his wife or her husband




Motif

e30a


Name_eng: 
Make-believe spouse replaced with alive person
Description: 

Person does not have a spouse, uses wooden fakes for his wife or her husband till alive person comes to replace it




Motif

f28a


Name_eng: 
Primeval penis grows from the ground
Description: 

There is only one monstrous penis, a husband of primeval women or the amazons, which grows out of the ground or out of the water in a lake




Motif

f30a


Name_eng: 
Worm-baby
Description: 

Woman is nursing a worm (caterpillar, reptile, fish) as her baby. People kill the monster




Motif

f33


Name_eng: 
Water creature paramour
Description: 

Certain woman or a group of women take for paramour a big water animal (caiman, otter, sea-lion, whale, anaconda; rare: water bird, crab), water spirit or monster. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and/or (sometimes) the woman




Motif

f35


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the paramour’s meat
Description: 

Person feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is




Motif

f49


Name_eng: 
The abnormal birth
Description: 

Cesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom




Motif

f51


Name_eng: 
The clandestine lover
Description: 

Person who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)




Motif

f53


Name_eng: 
Ugly husband
Description: 

An ugly man marries a girl but conceals his face. Marriage is ruined after his face is seen




Motif

f67


Name_eng: 
Old woman pretends to be man
Description: 

An old woman makes herself false penis and testicles, marries or attempts to marry her (step)daughter




Motif

f86


Name_eng: 
Conditional signal
Description: 

Person summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)




Motif

f91


Name_eng: 
A worm-breeder
Description: 

A man lets his wife to be eaten up by worms. She either dies or has a narrow escape




Motif

h29


Name_eng: 
Origin of foreigners
Description: 

A woman is impregnated by an animal, usually by a snake. People of hostile nation originate or receive their culture from her progeny or from her paramour's relatives




Motif

h34a


Name_eng: 
Controversy over conditions of life
Description: 

Person has a series of suggestions how to make the world easy for living and free of hard work and death. His companion successively rejects them. Their dialogue forever defines conditions of human life




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i14a


Name_eng: 
Eject digested food through the mouth
Description: 

No-anus people eject digested food through the mouth or other orifice




Motif

i17


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant land
Description: 

Beings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land




Motif

i18


Name_eng: 
A spouse or husband without anus or mouth
Description: 

Person visits people who have no anus or mouth. He or his sister marries or tries to marry a local dweller




Motif

i36


Name_eng: 
Thunder and lightning are relatives, spouses or in-laws
Description: 

Thunder and lightning (two thunders, two lightings) are close relatives, spouses or in-laws




Motif

i38


Name_eng: 
The dog-heads
Description: 

Some beings are half-men and half-dogs (usually anthropomorphic with heads of dogs)




Motif

i82a


Name_eng: 
Venus is male
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a male personage




Motif

k23


Name_eng: 
Battle with birds
Description: 

Birds attack the inhabitants of a distant land or a man who had got to this land




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k26


Name_eng: 
A hole in the firmament
Description: 

Finding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky




Motif

k26a


Name_eng: 
Sky opening covered with a stone
Description: 

Opening in the firmament is covered with a flat stone. When person puts the stone aside, he or she gets to see the earth




Motif

k27x


Name_eng: 
Former husband of magic wife
Description: 

A man marries a non-human woman. In her world, she has another husband or suitor. She returns to her world, human husband follows her. He stands tests and/or fights with local inhabitants, gets his wife back




Motif

k30


Name_eng: 
Flying enemy abducts woman
Description: 

Flying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k32b1


Name_eng: 
Mother substitutes her daughter
Description: 

Mother-in-law of a man takes the appearance of her daughter to replace her




Motif

k45


Name_eng: 
Sedna (fingers cut off)
Description: 

A man rides away from a woman or girl in a boat (on raft, sledge). When she tries to snatch a border of the boat (raft, sledge), he cuts her fingers off




Motif

k47a


Name_eng: 
A woman and a dog
Description: 

After having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people




Motif

k51


Name_eng: 
The deceived wife
Description: 

A Man disappears or goes away for long time. His wife sets off, comes to a house where her husband lives now or first sends her son there. She gets to know that he has married another woman




Motif

l10


Name_eng: 
Sharp tail
Description: 

A monster kills victims with his or her sharp or stinging tail or protrusion on his or her back




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l42a


Name_eng: 
Ogre steals corpses
Description: 

An ogre steals fresh corpses from graves and devours them




Motif

l50


Name_eng: 
Cliff ogre
Description: 

A person kills those who are passing by him. Usually he does not attack them all of a sudden but first distracts their attention. Usually he throws down his victims into a precipice, lake, etc.




Motif

l59


Name_eng: 
Avaricious woman: metamorphosis
Description: 

Man's wife, sister or mother eats all the nest food alone, she is transformed in punishment




Motif

l59a


Name_eng: 
Stuck to a whale
Description: 

People who treated badly the hero or his son are pulled into the sea and turn into sea animal or into parts of its body or into parasites on its hide




Motif

l61


Name_eng: 
Endocannibal
Description: 

Person devours his or her own flesh or disembowels himself or herself




Motif

l73


Name_eng: 
Ogre tries to drink a river dry and bursts
Description: 

The antagonist tries to drink a river or sea and bursts




Motif

l101


Name_eng: 
Pieces of clothes thrown to pursuer
Description: 

Pursued by demonic creature (usually a whale or walrus), people throw behind piece by piece children’s or woman’s clothes. These attract the pursuer’s attention, he loses time, the runaways escape




Motif

l102


Name_eng: 
Escape from animal husband
Description: 

Seriously of for fun, a girl or a woman names an animal or remains of an animal as her husband or steps on the animal’s bones. The animal (revives and) carries her away. Her human husband or brother comes after her and they run away. The animal husband pursues them but abandons the chase or dies




Motif

l103


Name_eng: 
Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)
Description: 

Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay




Motif

m16


Name_eng: 
Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsome
Description: 

A kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him




Motif

m16a


Name_eng: 
Diving bird’s medicine
Description: 

A supernatural helper (usually a loon) makes a blind man to regain his eyesight diving with him into water




Motif

m17


Name_eng: 
Woman lies that man missed
Description: 

A blind man or lad kills an animal. His wife or (grand)mother lies that he has missed, cooks and eats all the meat alone




Motif

m29a


Name_eng: 
Trickster-raven
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m123


Name_eng: 
Raven marries goose
Description: 

A bird of prey or a carrion-eater (raven, owl, hawk; coyote) marries or tries to marry goose-person or other water bird. This marriage is not realized or is a short one




Motif

m123c


Name_eng: 
Unlucky flight with migratory birds
Description: 

A bird-person who usually does not fly away in the autumn makes attempt to fly with migratory birds but is unable to reach destination




Motif

k25a3


Name_eng: 
The picked up feathers
Description: 

Magic bird-wife flies away after she had picked up many feathers and made of them her new bird-clothes




Motif

a7a


Name_eng: 
Torches in hands of celestial bodies
Description: 

Light of the Sun (Moon, Venus) is a torch in hands of the celestial body




Motif

k10h


Name_eng: 
A bird feeds but does not release its prisoner
Description: 

A giant bird carries a woman or a boy to its nest. It supplies them with food but does not release. The prisoner escapes




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

i7c


Name_eng: 
Rain or dew is urine
Description: 

When a person or creature who lives in the upper world urinates, it rains (dew falls) on earth




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

l9


Name_eng: 
Sharp body members
Description: 

Body members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon




Motif

e9i3


Name_eng: 
Goose-wife
Description: 

A man marries supernatural woman who is a goose




Motif

b27a


Name_eng: 
Transformation into thunder and lightning
Description: 

Persons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for them to turn. When the choice is made, persons turn into thunder and/or lightning




Motif

m17a


Name_eng: 
(Grand-)mother deceives her blind (grand-)son
Description: 

(Grand-)mother of a blind man or boy secretly eats meat or fish (usually acquired by her son or grandson) but tells him that there is no food in their house




Motif

k66c


Name_eng: 
The bear takes human spouse
Description: 

The bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant




Motif

k27o1


Name_eng: 
Head used as ball
Description: 

Severed human heads are compared with balls or used as balls




Motif

k87


Name_eng: 
Marriage with an animal creates problems
Description: 

A woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.




Motif

l1a


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into the bear
Description: 

A young woman turns into the bear (in Asia, into the tiger) and attacks her husband or close relatives




Motif

k45b


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into water animal
Description: 

A man and a woman of different generations (the father and the daughter, the son and the mother) get into conflict which results in the woman's transformation into the sea mammal. the sovereign of the sea mammals or into the frog (toad)




Motif

f28


Name_eng: 
Primeval penis
Description: 

The penis is a particular monstrous being with whom copulate the primeval women, the amazons, or a certain woman




Motif

a7


Name_eng: 
The sun pursues the moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are two persons one of which is pursuing another in the sky or pursued him or her when they were rising to the sky from the earth




Motif

a20


Name_eng: 
Childhood and youth of the Sun and Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon (rare: the Sun and a star, the Moon and a star) are two siblings who live on earth and then ascend to the sky being still young persons




Motif

a14a


Name_eng: 
The conflict between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

l135


Name_eng: 
The Traveller
Description: 

Male person leaves his home and gets to unfamiliar places. On his way, he comes across different strange creatures. After all, he returns home or leaves the earth for the other world. (Rather often a long string of episodes breaks off or the story lacks the beginning and does not explain why the hero is travelling)




Motif

m29a1


Name_eng: 
Raven (crow) is the main trickster
Description: 

In three or more different episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven (crow)




Motif

i35


Name_eng: 
Dragging a hide produces thunder
Description: 

Thunder is produced by dragging behind a dry animal skin or (rare) a person (rare) or by shaking clothes




Motif

b38a


Name_eng: 
Two birds decorate each other
Description: 

Two birds decorate each other, one becomes worse than it was before




Motif

b36a


Name_eng: 
Two creatures decorate each other
Description: 

Two zoomorphic personages decorates each other or somebody decorates each of them





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition: Baffin Land Inuit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Iglulik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
West Greenland
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Netsilik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Caribou
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Chukchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
North Alaskan Inupiat
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
East Greenland (Angmassalik, Kulusuk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Labrador Inuit (Koksoagmiut)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kuna; XVI century data on Eastern Panama

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Iglulik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Labrador Inuit (Koksoagmiut)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
West Greenland
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
North Alaskan Inupiat
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Netsilik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Caribou
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Baffin Land Inuit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Asiatic Eskimo (Sirenek, Naukan, Chaplino)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bering Strait Inupiat (incl. King Island)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chukchi