Lacandon



Tradition title rus: 
Лакандоны
Areal ID: 
14.1.6.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
85.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
60.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a12cEclipses: reptiles and fishDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish
a16Dangers along the Sun’s wayEvery night the Sun passes by creatures or objects which try to destroy them
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a2dSuns of the other worldsDifferent suns illuminate different worlds or will appear successively in the future
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a9The moon defends peopleFemale moon does not permit her husband or son to destroy people
b26Man joins wild animalsPerson who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
c10The flood: the wet tailsDuring the flood birds or animals escape to some place (mountain, tree, boat, sky). Tips of their tails or other body parts get covered with water or foam and acquire their present color and form
c12bPeople descend from a dogIn the beginning of time or after the flood man marries a bitch. Present people descend from them.
c13The objects’ revoltDuring or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c15The imprisoned felineMonstrous puma or jaguar is imprisoned in a cave or tree trunk
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e9dDog-wifeMan marries a girl who initially has guise of a dog
e9gVulture-wifeMan marries vulture-woman
f18aThe long penisPenis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f5bArtificial bridePerson suffests another a woman but does not have any or does not want to give her. He makes artificial girl (of wood, snow, etc.), sends servant girl instead of his daughter, turns into a woman himself, or recognizes his fault when he feels that it is save to do so
g12aPlants from drops of bloodCultivated plants emerge from drops of blood or spill from cuts on the body of a person or animal
g13bFungi as a false foodBefore acquisition of cultivated plants people ate fungi. Fingi is a food of non-human beings. Fungi is a false food of inferior quality
g24Food from the skyFirst seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h16Rivers of tearsRivers of tears exist in the other world. Tears shed on earth fill there big containers
h26Mosquitoes had to be drownedThe right way to dispose of container with stinging insects would be to throw it into the river or sea or bury in a far away place, but it was not done
h27Mosquitoes let loseStinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened
h35Fragile teethHuman teeth are made of material subject to easy damage (etiology of tooth ache in most cases)
h37Magic device lost by a failure Magic object, device that makes hunting or fishing easy gets into possession of a person who is unable to operate it or abuses it. The device kills or injures the failure himself, other people and/or disappears
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
h8The failed testPeople lose immortality because they do not dare to touch or drink something loathsome, poisonous, hot or otherwise dangerous
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i26Dangers on the way of soulsOn its way to the Beyond, a soul has to defend itself or divert attention of guards who wait for it giving presents to them
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i27bDog as a ferrymanA dog ferries person across a river that forms a border between the worlds
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i31Master and mistress of the deadIn the Beyond, two mythological personages, one male and another female, meet the newcomers, or the same person meet the women in the female and the men in the male guise
i32Tree of the babiesThere is (or was) a tree on which souls of still unborn babies grow, which leaves transform into people, or which trunk is covered with female breasts or flowers that innumerable babies are sucking
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i48Confined to the underworldCertain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms
i54Water creature full of fishAnaconda or a water monster has live fish or animals inside; is father of the fish; all fish emerge from its body
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i71Stars are rootsStars are roots of the plants which grow in the upper world
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i83The sky of birdsBirds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
i8cThe suspended earthThe earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k16To get access to a girl in guise of a bird or an animalDisguised as a bird, small animal or insect, a man penetrates into the place of a girl (into her father’s house)
k17The ornitomorphic suitorAn ornitomorphic hero impregnates a girl magically or imperceptibly for her
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k21Woman gets to the sky and marries a sky-dwellerWoman gets to the sky and marries a sky-dweller
k21aWoman returns from the sky A sky-dweller marries a woman. Being eager to return home, she secretly descends to the earth
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25eMagic wife is an ancestorAll humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k87Marriage with an animal creates problemsA woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l118Caught in a split log(Animal) person provokes another to put a part of his body into a split log (between two planks, etc.) and removes the wedge
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l22The sound sleepAfter breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep. They do not feel when at night spirits come and injure or kill them
l22aPeople become blindAfter breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep and awake blind
l3Husband turns into demonA demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)
l39Hero is compelled to descend from a treeWhen a person climbs a tree, a demon comes to it and carries the person away, or the person follows the demon to his world by his own will
l39aDemons from the underworldA demon comes from the underworld and attacks a man who has climbed a tree
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l64Removable headPerson removes part of his or her body (head, scalp, lungs) and then puts it back
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m2Riding down a treeA man descends from top of a tree or rock down a chain of animals or on the back of an animal who climbs or runs down the trunk
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m3Chain of animalsPerson crosses a water or air space along the chain of many animals, birds or fish


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Yupa (Yukpa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kogi (Cagaba), Sanha, Creols of Aritama Valley
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Paya (Pech), Sumu, Misquito
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Ticuna (Tucuna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Machiguenga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Locono
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern Selkups
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Khanty (Ostyaks)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Warao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Macuxi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kekchi; Mopan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Wichita; Spiro Mound iconography
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mehinaku, Waura, Yaulapiti
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karijona
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Moseten, Chimane
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Siona, Secoya, Coreguaje