Bushmen (all groups)



Tradition title rus: 
Бушмены; вкл сан, кунг, нарон (нхаро, айкве – центральная Калахари, граница Намибии и Ботсваны)
Areal ID: 
1.1.1.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
62.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
42.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a33The sun ramThe Sun has appearance of a big terrestrial mammal (bull, ram, antilope, pig, rhinocero, etc.) or rides such an animal
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a35cScars and wounds on the Moon’s faceDark spots on the Moon are scars and wounds on her face
a36The immortal MoonThe Moon, unlike people, revives or rejuvenates every month; or those who live in the Moon are immortal; or the Moon makes decision if people should die forever or regularly revive
a39The new sun every daySuns are born and die every day
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b42bSky hunters pursue an ungulateIn the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)
b42hThe Belt of Orion is the game, other star is the hunterThe Belt of Orion is the animal or three animals, other star (of the Orion or outside of this constellation) is the hunter
b48aOther creatures’ fleshParticular pieces of flesh or inner organs in the bodies of animals, birds, or fish originally belonged to other creatures
b69bFrog’s back scratched: hence its stripesTo thank or to punish a frog, animal or person scratches it producing stripes on its back
c6fDiving for drowned personPersons or animals dive to get from under the water a drowned person or creature or part of its body
d11Food baked in armpitsBefore fire became known, people prepared food using warmth of their bodies (usually putting food in their armpits); or a person keeps fire in his or her armpits
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d5Woman as the owner of the fireFemale person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire
d8Fire and a predator animalFire or summer is stolen from a big predator: a lion (in Africa), a tiger (in Asia), a bear (in Siberia and North America) or a jaguar (in South America)
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e8People of woodThe first people or (the first) woman (wife of a primeval ancestor) are made of wood
f22Study of partner’s bodyPerson asks another person of the opposite sex about destination or place of her or his genitals. Usually it is made after putting questions about function of other body parts; or person tries to use for sex different parts of the partner's body or tests them before reaching the best place where the genitals should be put
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f61Trickster rapes a woman who carries him on her backA man pretends to be weak, ill or injured, asks a woman to carry him on her back. When she agrees, he makes attempt to copulate with her
f8Women and men come togetherInitially women and men live apart from each other. Later they meet each other and become to live together
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
h1dThe first dead is rejected by the alive peoplePerson dies and returns soon but people send him or her back, refuse to accept as a member of their community or bury again. Since then death becomes permanent
h34aControversy over conditions of lifePerson has a series of suggestions how to make the world easy for living and free of hard work and death. His companion successively rejects them. Their dialogue forever defines conditions of human life
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h36aOrigin of death from the falsified messagePerson distorts instructions that he must pass to others, intentionally lies, forgets or replaces certain objects that must be given to others. Because of this human beings become mortal (do not revive after death)
h36dDeath and the hareHare is responsible for introduction of permanent death
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i108The Pleiades are a personThe Pleiades are only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons
i42Rainbow is a pair of creaturesRainbow is two creatures or persons, usually a male and a female
i5Thunder is an animalThunder looks like a quadruped mammal (pig, buffalo, camel, anteater, tapir, dog, cat, leopard, monkey, etc.)
i66Ashes on Milky WayMilky Way is ashes or smoldering coals
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i93Milky Way is the backboneMilky Way is the backbone of the sky or of all the world
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k33Drowned woman remains aliveA young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people
k33a4The heroine is transformed into a forest animalAfter the heroine’s rival transforms her into a forest animal of medium size (lynx, wolf, deer), she makes attempts to contact her children or husband
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8dJonah: swallowed by anthropomorphic beingPerson (often an animal-person) gets into the belly of anthropomorphic being. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l110The devourerA demonic being swallows a multitude of people and animals. When it is killed and cut open, the swallowed ones come out alive or are revived
l55Monster killed with hot liquidTo kill a dangerous animal or monster, acrid or hot liquid (boiling water, resin, soup, etc.) is poured into one of his body orifices
l56Fire in monster’s bellyA monster or a big animal dies when fire is kindled in its belly
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l6aSticking demon asks to be carriedPerson that looks weak and feeble asks a man to carry him or her on his back and refuses to leave him
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105aMake believe killing of childrenPerson conceals her children and tells another one that she has killed them. Another person really kills her own
m105a1Make believe killing of children: two birdsOne of two birds (usually both, rarely only one of them, do not fly) suggests another one two break their eggs. Another bird agrees and later discovers that the eggs of the first one are preserved
m172The hare makes the lion his horseTo demonstrate that a strong animal is his slave or his riding animal, a weak animal tricks the strong one to carry him. People believe that the strong one is really a slave of the weak one
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b1The wolf is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29w3The lion is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the lion suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m51Meat in a treeOne of two animal-persons kills game. In the absence of the stronger one, the weaker one hides the meat to eat it alone later
m63Body parts enumeratedBefore finding a part of the body that is the best for some particular function, other parts are proven or enumerated


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Khoekhoe (=Hottentot; incl Nama, Korana); Damara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kawaiisu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Garo (Atchik), Kachari (Bodo, incl. Lalung), Dimasa, Tripuri, Riang (of Tripura), Khami, Riga, Mori
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tabasaran, Aghul
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nubians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Swedes
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Russians: Central part of Russian ethnic territory as in A.D. 1500: Tver, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Kostroma, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, eastern part of Smolensk provinces (most of Smolensk province is Belorussian ethnic territory)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Khoekhoe (=Hottentot; incl Nama, Korana); Damara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Oregon Athabaskans: Lower Umpqua, Tututni (incl Joshua), Upper Coquille, Galice, Tolowa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Shuswap
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
SE Australia: Kamilaroi, Yualarai (Ualarai, Euahlayi), Milpulo (Mailpurgu), Wuradjeri (Wiradjurim, Wiradjeri, Wurundjeri, Yarra, Yarra Yarra), Wongaibon (Wonghibon), Noongahburrah (Narran, Narran River), Kurnai, and many others (see file 0.doc)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yoruba; incl Ife), Nupe, Bini (Edo), Engenni, Chamba, Dakka, Kukuruku
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Temne (Timne)