Kechua-speaking communities of Apurimac, Cuzco, Arequipa, Puno departments; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries; Callawaya (Kechua with Pukina substratum)



Tradition title rus: 
Кечуа южного Перу (деп Апуримак, Куско, Арекипа, Пуно) и горной Боливии (включая сообщения источников XVI-XVII вв); кальяуайя (кечуа с субстратом пукина)
Areal ID: 
14.4.3.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
116.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
84.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a12cEclipses: reptiles and fishDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish
a24The first sunriseIn the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a34The fox and the MoonJackal, coyote, or fox are connected with the Moon (usually with the origin of spots on the lunar disc)
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a38The Sun caught in snarePerson prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.
b12Rivers and snakesThe river bed follows the way of a snake, fish, dragon or crab; pieces of the snake’s body turn into rivers; a river is a snake
b15River from woman’s bodyA river flows from the body of a female person
b27Variants of transformationsPersons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for him or her to turn into. When the choice is made, the persons transforms himself or herself
b27bTransformation into starsPersons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for them to turn. When the choice is made, persons turn into stars
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2eThe male earthThe earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)
b63Transformation of lazy boysYoung people, usually siblings, tell other person, usually their mother, that they have been doing agricultural work though it is not the case. When the deceit is discovered, they turn into atmospheric phenomena
c13The objects’ revoltDuring or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4pParrot or parakeet obtains fire Parrot or parakeet steals fire for people. (Australian data not computed because historically definitely unrelated to the Tropical American data)
e19Origin of drugs: person torn to piecesNarcotic plants emerge from the body parts of a person who was torn to pieces by others
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
f29Girl sits on the groundA girl or young woman who is usually occupied with domestic work (is cooking, weaving, etc.) sits on the ground and copulates with a penis-like creature that crawls from below into her vagina
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f76Animals teach to make lovePeople learn to copulate after they see birds, fish or animals doing it
g12bStar-person gives plantsStar-person is a giver of cultivated plants
g12cFox brings plants from the skyFox or coyote returns from the sky and disperses seeds or shoots unknown on earth before
g13aPeople ate dirtBefore acquisition of cultivated plants (fire, hunting skills) people ate dirt, mud or stones
g13cBad food of the pre-agricultural epochBefore the cultivated plants or edible wild plants become known, people ate (decomposed) wood, bark, mud, stones, fungi
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
g24Food from the skyFirst seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)
g26Swallowed food: saved for peopleFood products were swallowed or hidden in person's mouth. Thanks to this people got them
g5Food treeFruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h16aRivers of bloodRivers (lakes) of blood (also of puss, bones, sweat or water used for washing of corpses) are mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h24cDeath in containerPeople open container with death or disease inside and become mortal
h34aControversy over conditions of lifePerson has a series of suggestions how to make the world easy for living and free of hard work and death. His companion successively rejects them. Their dialogue forever defines conditions of human life
h34gOne grain porridgeOne cereal grain (cob, etc.) is enough to prepare a meal
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h36gMuddled message: how many meals a dayGod sends his messenger to tell people that they should eat only rarely (once in three days or the like). The messenger tells them that they should eat often (three times a day)
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i134Long neck on the Milky WayFigure of a long-necked creature (llama or nandu) is seen along the axes of the Milkt Way
i2Lightning from eyesLightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms
i20The undeground dwarfsRace of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet
i20cDwarfs live in the underworldDwarfs live in the underworld that somewhat reminds the world of humans. If the dwarfs and the humans meet, it is deep under the earther
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i27aTowns and paths of dogsSouls of the dead dogs have their own towns in the Beyond or their own paths to travel there
i27bDog as a ferrymanA dog ferries person across a river that forms a border between the worlds
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i42Rainbow is a pair of creaturesRainbow is two creatures or persons, usually a male and a female
i47Rainbow is filthRainbow is a flatulence of a demon, a spray of a skunk, is associated with spit, urine, feces, genitals, etc., causes skin diseases, is associated with death
i5Thunder is an animalThunder looks like a quadruped mammal (pig, buffalo, camel, anteater, tapir, dog, cat, leopard, monkey, etc.)
i5bThunderous felineFlying feline produces rains and thunderstorms
i60aMilky Way is a stripe on bellyMilky Way is a longitudinal streak, associated with a white line, stripe along the middle of a belly of an animal
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i72aStars are children of the Sun and the MoonStars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
i75World agesBefore present world, several (two or more) other worlds or races of people existed
i7cRain or dew is urineWhen a person or creature who lives in the upper world urinates, it rains (dew falls) on earth
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
i82dMorning and Evening stars are a man and a womanMorning and Evening stars are opposed as a man and a woman or vice versa
i99The Pleiades are boys or menThe Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males
j47Pursuer falls from heightPerson ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed
j48Parrot cuts the sky ropePerson ascends to the sky or descends from the sky to earth by a rope. A parrot cuts the rope, the person falls to earth
k17The ornitomorphic suitorAn ornitomorphic hero impregnates a girl magically or imperceptibly for her
k19aStar-wifeA man maries a star-woman
k19cNon-human lover in man’s bed or bagA man brings home a small being with whom he makes love at night. His mother, sister or wife discovers his non-human lover in his bed or bag
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k46Woman throws herself into the oceanGiving way to a burst of horror or shame, woman or girl runs to the ocean, throws herself into the water or remains on the beach. Her husband or suitor pursues but cannot catch her
k58aWater in exchange for lovePerson makes water or fish available only if girl agrees to marry him and does not do it if the girl is unwilling
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l17bTwo facesPerson or creature has another face (another mouth) on the back of his (her, its) head
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l3Husband turns into demonA demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)
l33Rolling stoneStone chases people to crash them
l33bTrickster provokes a rockPerson suggests to another who looks like being unable to move (rock, stump, fire) a race competition or provokes this object to roll towards him. The competitor becomes to move, burns or crashes the person or runs away with his clothes
l33cRock crashes tricksterTrickster and rock agree to race down slope. The rock rolls with ever greater speed and crashes the trickster
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l5dHead is thirstyRolling head suffers thirst
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l7Chasing an animal by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l73Ogre tries to drink a river dry and burstsThe antagonist tries to drink a river or sea and bursts
l7aSticking demon: first to person and then to animalA demon who sticks to other creatures and refuses to get down sticks first to a person and then to an animal or first to an animal and then to a bird
m103Children with pretty spotsPerson asks another how her or his children got their pretty colors. Another answers that she or he put them into the fire. roasted, etc. The first person believes, kills his or her children
m139The released birdsFox catches birds, puts them into a bag and goes away for a moment. Another animal-person opens the bag and puts thorns instead of the birds
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m25Banquet in the skyTo take part in a feast or to visit God or celestial object, person ascends to the sky. To return, he either uses a rope but falls before reaching ground or jumps (falls) down from the sky and is badly hurt, dead, and/or transformed
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29k1 Not used in statisticsThe turtle (toad, frog) is a tricky failureA turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) behaves foolishly creating serious problems for himself
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m35Cold enduring competitionTwo animal persons compete to see who could withstand cold all the night. At dawn one is dead
m44bThieves of food: the womenPerson discovers that somebody steals game or fish from his trap or devastates his garden. He or his guards catch the thieves who prove to be (the first) women or the thief is the water being whom the hero lets go after receiving a woman for ransom
m5Provoked insultBeing in a situation when his life depends on a good will of a demon or animal, person either resists or does not resist the temptation to insult or to beat, bite, etc. the latter
m57bSweat of the Sun and tears of the MoonBeads or metals are discharged by bodies of deities
m73Exchanged excrements or vomits: who is strongerTwo (animal) persons compare their feces or vomits to know about the diet and habits of each other (who is the strongest). The weaker one gets to exchange the feces (vomits)
m73aExchanged excrementsTwo (animal) persons compare their feces (with different purpose). One of them gets to exchange them
m75Valuables taken off the vulturesPerson attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Aimara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lima dep: Costa and adjacent Sierra (Spanish, Kechua, and Jacaru-speaking communities, mostly in Pachacamac, Cajatambo, Canta, Huarochirí; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tacana
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Atacameño
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Chacobo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pasco, Junin, Huancavelica departments: Central Peru, Sierra (Kechua-speaking communities in Spanish sources XVI-XVII centuries)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Amuesha
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Toraja (Toradja), To Mori, Barée (=Eastern Toraja)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Comanche
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Blackfoot

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Lima dep: Costa and adjacent Sierra (Spanish, Kechua, and Jacaru-speaking communities, mostly in Pachacamac, Cajatambo, Canta, Huarochirí; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Pasco, Junin, Huancavelica departments: Central Peru, Sierra (Kechua-speaking communities in Spanish sources XVI-XVII centuries)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Aimara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chipaya
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Peru: Costa (Spanish speaking communities from Ecuadorian border till Ancash and Huanuco departments included; Moche pre-Columbian iconography; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Montagnais
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern Peru: Sierra (Kechua-speaking communities, Cajamarca, Ancash, Huanuco and San Martin departments; Chavin pre-Columbian iconography; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern and Southern Tehuelche