Montagnais



Tradition title rus: 
Монтанье
Areal ID: 
12.4.3.2
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
101.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
40.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a38The Sun caught in snarePerson prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.
a38aSnare of pubic hairThe Sun is caught into snare made of the pubic hair of hero's female relative
a38bMouse gnaws snare openAfter the Sun is caught into snare only mouse, shrew or other small animal is able to cut it open
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b36Creatures acquire their physical traitsBirds, fish, reptiles, mammals intentionally or by chance are smeared with colorful substances or divide among themselves parts of somebody's body thus acquiring their present characteristics
b36cFat animalsAnimals get meat and fat extracted from some original creature or created otherwise. Some get a lot, some remain lean
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b42gUrsa major is a game animal(s)Ursus major (seven stars or only four stars of a dipper) is identified with the game animal or anmials (usually pursued by the hunter)
b42o1Ursa major is a fisherUrsa major is identified with a fisher (mustela pennati)
b42sHit with a projectileUrsa major or Polaris are identified with a middle size animal (ermine, fisher, woodchuck) or with a basically anthropomorphic person (with some animal characteristics) hit with a dart or an arrow
b44aCouncil on seasons: units of timeAnimals (Melanesia: persons) discuss the number of discrete units of time that should be in a certain calendar period or in the night
b44bCouncil on seasons: toes, claws, hairs, feathersToes, claws, feathers, hairs, color stripes, etc. are counted and compared to establish the number of period of time or particular way of alternation of periods
b44eDispute of ancestorsThe primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.
b71Aurora borealisAurora borealis is spirits (of the dead) who run holding burning torches, play or fight with each other
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6bThe diver is muskrat (otter, beaver)A muskrat (more rare beaver or otter) brings the desired object from under the water
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
d4cAcquisition of summerWarm season is obtained from its original owners
d4c1Swimming elk diverts attentionAnimal-people come to steal summer from its owner. One of them in guise of an elk or caribou diverts the owners' attention or puts to float a log that the owner takes for an elk and pursues. The summer is successfully stolen and brought to the people
d4nPerson weeps asking for summerA boy or (among the Kutenai) a woman weeps, asking for an element that is absent, i.e. for summer, fire, or rain
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f28Primeval penisThe penis is a particular monstrous being with whom copulate the primeval women, the amazons, or a certain woman
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f65The false burialTo realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
f70Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuseWoman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him
f70aDisordered clothes as evidence against innocent manTo accuse a man or boy of (sexual) abbuse, a woman tears her clothes, smears or scratches her body pretending to be attacked
f79Animal wivesPerson marries several non-human wives in succession, every time (besides the last one) is disappointed
f83News precede manPerson commits something shameful, obscene. Presumably, nobody could see him doing it. When he asks people, "What's the news?", they answer that so-and-so (this person) has done such a thing
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h24cDeath in containerPeople open container with death or disease inside and become mortal
h53Wolf is the master of the deadWolf takes part in creation and/or is a brother of the creator who wins demons of the lower world. Wolf is the first person who died and/or becomes the master of the dead
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i46Rainbow beltRainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j40Enemy from the skyBeings who live in the sky descend to kill people. Usually such a being carries away to its world a person or many people (or person's cut off head or limb). The hero (usually a relation of the perished one) revenges on the dangerous being and/or brings back the victim or victims (his or her head, etc.)
j41aSon transforms mother into a birdWhen hero returns, he finds his mother being tormented during his absence and transforms her (and usually himself) into a certain bird
j41bSon returns and burns tormentors using magicWhen hero returns and finds his mother being tormented during his absence, he burns the tormentors producing fire and heat by magic
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j51One piece is missingPerson or animal is eaten up or destroyed otherwise. His bones are put together and he or it is revived. Because one bone was broken, swallowed or lost (or a drop of blood, a small piece of flesh lost), the person or animal cannot be revived or being revived misses some part of his or its body
j55Unrecognized hero comes across enemiesHero comes across different creatures or persons who do not recognize him. Everyone tells that he is waiting for the Hero to kill him. The hero easily kills or transforms them himself
j66The gnawed through bow-stringsHero or his helpers cut or gnaw through bow- and other strings of the enemies, make holes in their canoes in order to forestall pursuit
k125House utensil betrays its masterAn enemy asks house utensils or personal objects where their master hid himself or herself or what direction he or she ran away. One of the objects, not treated by the master in a proper way, betrays him or her
k18Infant picks out his unknown fatherA boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)
k18aaPregnancy because of the non-sexual contactA girl becomes pregnant without her knowledge thanks to the contact with body liquids of a male person or with objects touched by him (not because of the normal sexual contact, or a wish expressed by the father of her future child, or her mistical contact with a deity). The happy marriage of the girl with her child’s father follows
k18cUrinates at his father’s armsA baby boy has to recognize his father among many men. When his father takes him, the boy urinates at his arms
k1eMarooned on an isletPerson is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3cTask-giver is a zoomorphic beingPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k34Fatal swingPerson kills others inviting them to sit on a swing and launching them into water, on rocks, etc.
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
k67Burned moccasinsTwo men spend a night in a forest, take their moccasins or clothes off usually to dry them near the fire. One plans to burn the moccasins or the clothes of another at night. The latter imperceptible interchange their things and the first man burns his own property
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l33Rolling stoneStone chases people to crash them
l33bTrickster provokes a rockPerson suggests to another who looks like being unable to move (rock, stump, fire) a race competition or provokes this object to roll towards him. The competitor becomes to move, burns or crashes the person or runs away with his clothes
l33cRock crashes tricksterTrickster and rock agree to race down slope. The rock rolls with ever greater speed and crashes the trickster
l4The unmasked murderer (Blue Beard)Person kills girls (rare: his nephews or younger brothers of his wife) in succession (usually the male person kills his wives). The last of potential victims escapes, usually after finding remains of those who had been killed or imprisoned earlier
l61EndocannibalPerson devours his or her own flesh or disembowels himself or herself
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l9bElbow-knivesPerson's sharp elbows or (rare) knees are like awls or knives
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m162bSour sap into the bear’s eyesPerson makes believe to rub sour berries into his eyes. Another (always a bear) suggests to rub the same sap into his eyes and is blinded. The person kills him
m19The bait-personPerson ties another one (usually a child) to a fishing line to use him as a bait or orders the tied one to catch fish with his hands
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m28Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more
m29fWolverine is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolverine suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30aPerson defecates on a tricksterTrickster who flies over a village falls to the ground. They bind him and defecate on him
m30cFlying person falls down after breaking tabooPerson flies across the air but falls down when, despite warning, looks down to earth, flies above villages, becomes to talk, etc.
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m49Man in a skin of anotherHero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp
m49aThe substituted medicine-womanThe hero has to come unrecognized to the meeting place of his enemies. He meets an old woman (usually a shaman, a medicine-woman) who goes there, puts on her skin and acquires her appearance
m53Hoodwinked dancersPerson invites birds or animals (usually geese and ducks) to dance or stand around him and concentrate their attention on some activity (usually to dance with their eyes shut), kills them, usually one by one. Or (rare) he dances himself with his eyes shut and then kills water fowl who gather around him
m60Sham doctor: finished off enemyHero wounds dangerous enemy (a monster, a robber) and then, in guise of a doctor, comes to him and kills his patient instead of curing him
m60aA hunter comes to one whom he woundedAn animal or a supernatural creature is wounded but escapes. Local doctors are helpless. The hero or his companion, masked as a doctor, comes to the wounded one and either cures or kills him.
m62bTrying to hit the hero hit each otherTwo or more personages direct their weapons against the hero who is between them but hit each other
m66Itch after artichoke eatingAfter eating certain plant, small animal, or rubbing it over his body, person suffers from itch, diarrhea, or from breaking wind
m68Breaking wind scares gameBecause of his own obstinacy, person suffers of breaking wind permanently and starves because a loud noise produced by him scaring game
m70aOld woman is pierced throughAn old woman defecates or breaks wind over a man. He kills her inserting a cutting object into her anus or vagina
m80Quail scares tricksterPerson insults a partridge-like bird, kills or injures her chickens. The partridge scares him, he falls, usually into a river or lake
m81bNot to climb after an arrow stuck in a treeDespite a warning not to do so, person climbs in a tree to get his arrow that was stuck and gets into trouble (Cf. Tree, from which an arrow is supposed to be fetched, grows up high and thus carries the arrow’s owner into the sky, Boas 2002: 662)
m84Revived from bonesPerson, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together
m93Body part as a guardBefore falling asleep, person tells his eyes (which he extracts and puts aside) or his anus to awake him in case of danger. Eyes or anus do not make an alarm or person himself does not react to it. As a result he suffers a damage
m93aGuard punishedPerson punishes the part of his body which he selected as his guard for the time of his sleep or absence (he burns his buttocks, breaks eyes)


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Eastern Ojibwa (Missisauga, Timagami and other groups in eastern Ontario)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Naskapi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Ojibwa (=Severn Ojibwa, Sandy Lake Cree, Northern Saulteaux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Plains Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tahltan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sauk (Sak, Mesquakie), Fox, Kickapoo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Micmac
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Carrier

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Naskapi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Northern Ojibwa (=Severn Ojibwa, Sandy Lake Cree, Northern Saulteaux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Western Swampy Cree (incl. Rock Cree)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Micmac
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chipewyan (Dëne Sųłıné)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Plains Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Swamy Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Beaver