Naskapi



Tradition title rus: 
Наскапи
Areal ID: 
12.4.3.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
102.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
52.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a38


Name_eng: 
The Sun caught in snare
Description: 

Person prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.




Motif

a38a


Name_eng: 
Snare of pubic hair
Description: 

The Sun is caught into snare made of the pubic hair of hero's female relative




Motif

a38b


Name_eng: 
Mouse gnaws snare open
Description: 

After the Sun is caught into snare only mouse, shrew or other small animal is able to cut it open




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b16b


Name_eng: 
Wolverine makes the sea salty
Description: 

The sea is alty because the wolverine or the fox bathed in it or urinated into it




Motif

b26


Name_eng: 
Man joins wild animals
Description: 

Person who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master




Motif

b42o1


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a fisher
Description: 

Ursa major is identified with a fisher (mustela pennati)




Motif

b42s


Name_eng: 
Hit with a projectile
Description: 

Ursa major or Polaris are identified with a middle size animal (ermine, fisher, woodchuck) or with a basically anthropomorphic person (with some animal characteristics) hit with a dart or an arrow




Motif

b50


Name_eng: 
Whose blood is sweeter?
Description: 

An insect feeds on human blood (flesh). Dangerous person asks it where it had sucked blood or whose blood (flesh) is the most delicious. Usually the insect lies or cannot answer (its tongue is cut off) and thanks to this dangerous person attacks certain plants or animals and not people




Motif

b51


Name_eng: 
Mosquito and thunder
Description: 

Thanks to intentional misinformation, Thunder did not get know that
bloodsucking insect has sucked human blood




Motif

b71


Name_eng: 
Aurora borealis
Description: 

Aurora borealis is spirits (of the dead) who run holding burning torches, play or fight with each other




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

b85


Name_eng: 
Wind pacified
Description: 

Wind is too strong, hero makes it to blow more calmly




Motif

b87


Name_eng: 
Alcor
Description: 

Alcor (a weak star near the second star of the handle of the Big Dipper) is selected as a particular sky object




Motif

b92


Name_eng: 
Flint person turns into flints
Description: 

Person whose body is extraordinary hard and invulnerable or (rare) a small object is broken to pieces that turn into flints or other hard stones (the origin of flints)




Motif

b96


Name_eng: 
The antagonist turns into sturgent
Description: 

The heroe's enemy turns into a big fish (usually a sturgent) or (rare) a water mammal that are fished or hunted by people




Motif

b101


Name_eng: 
Slashes on birch bark
Description: 

Angry against the birch, person beats or cuts it, whence scratches and slashes on its bark




Motif

c6


Name_eng: 
Valuables brought from the lower world
Description: 

Persons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)




Motif

c6b


Name_eng: 
The diver is muskrat (otter, beaver)
Description: 

A muskrat (more rare beaver or otter) brings the desired object from under the water




Motif

c6d


Name_eng: 
The aquisition of the earth from the lower world
Description: 

The dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

d4c


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of summer
Description: 

Warm season is obtained from its original owners




Motif

d4c1


Name_eng: 
Swimming elk diverts attention
Description: 

Animal-people come to steal summer from its owner. One of them in guise of an elk or caribou diverts the owners' attention or puts to float a log that the owner takes for an elk and pursues. The summer is successfully stolen and brought to the people




Motif

d4n


Name_eng: 
Person weeps asking for summer
Description: 

A boy or (among the Kutenai) a woman weeps, asking for an element that is absent, i.e. for summer, fire, or rain




Motif

d5


Name_eng: 
Woman as the owner of the fire
Description: 

Female person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire




Motif

d5a


Name_eng: 
Fire in woman’s genitals
Description: 

First fire was hidden in genitals or anus of a woman




Motif

e1b


Name_eng: 
Person of unfit materials
Description: 

Certain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions




Motif

e1c


Name_eng: 
Person of excrements
Description: 

Certain person is made of human excrement or carrion




Motif

f7


Name_eng: 
The water-maiden
Description: 

Man takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f9a


Name_eng: 
Vagina dentata
Description: 

There are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)




Motif

f10


Name_eng: 
Vaginal teeth knocked out
Description: 

Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f35


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the paramour’s meat
Description: 

Person feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is




Motif

f70


Name_eng: 
Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuse
Description: 

Woman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him




Motif

f70a


Name_eng: 
Disordered clothes as evidence against innocent man
Description: 

To accuse a man or boy of (sexual) abbuse, a woman tears her clothes, smears or scratches her body pretending to be attacked




Motif

f74


Name_eng: 
Naked person shams dead
Description: 

When a person sees a dangerous enemy, he or she shams dead taking his or her clothes off, or the enemy takes off them himself. The enemy believes that it is a corpse, lets it alone




Motif

f79


Name_eng: 
Animal wives
Description: 

Person marries several non-human wives in succession, every time (besides the last one) is disappointed




Motif

f86


Name_eng: 
Conditional signal
Description: 

Person summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)




Motif

i1


Name_eng: 
The thunderbirds
Description: 

Creatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird




Motif

i13a


Name_eng: 
The horned serpent
Description: 

Giant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

i46


Name_eng: 
Rainbow belt
Description: 

Rainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt




Motif

i65


Name_eng: 
Milky Way of the dead
Description: 

Milky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession




Motif

j41a


Name_eng: 
Son transforms mother into a bird
Description: 

When hero returns, he finds his mother being tormented during his absence and transforms her (and usually himself) into a certain bird




Motif

j46


Name_eng: 
Enemy drowns
Description: 

Antagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body




Motif

j66


Name_eng: 
The gnawed through bow-strings
Description: 

Hero or his helpers cut or gnaw through bow- and other strings of the enemies, make holes in their canoes in order to forestall pursuit




Motif

k1e


Name_eng: 
Marooned on an islet
Description: 

Person is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river




Motif

k1f


Name_eng: 
Conflict because of a woman
Description: 

A man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife




Motif

k1h


Name_eng: 
Imprisoned in the tree-hollow
Description: 

Person is imprisoned in a tree-hollow or inside a rock and is released by somebody who makes a hole from outside




Motif

k18


Name_eng: 
Infant picks out his unknown father
Description: 

A boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)




Motif

k18c


Name_eng: 
Urinates at his father’s arms
Description: 

A baby boy has to recognize his father among many men. When his father takes him, the boy urinates at his arms




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k28


Name_eng: 
Father or uncle is rival and enemy
Description: 

Maternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him




Motif

k41


Name_eng: 
Thunder against a serpent
Description: 

Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth




Motif

k44


Name_eng: 
False mother rejected
Description: 

A demonic or animal person steals a boy and pretends to be his real mother or father. The boy gets to know the truth, leaves the false parent




Motif

k67


Name_eng: 
Burned moccasins
Description: 

Two men spend a night in a forest, take their moccasins or clothes off usually to dry them near the fire. One plans to burn the moccasins or the clothes of another at night. The latter imperceptible interchange their things and the first man burns his own property




Motif

l4


Name_eng: 
The unmasked murderer (The Blue Beard)
Description: 

Person kills girls (rare: his nephews or younger brothers of his wife) in succession (usually the male person kills his wives). The last of potential victims escapes, usually after finding remains of those who had been killed or imprisoned earlier




Motif

l9b


Name_eng: 
Elbow-knives
Description: 

Person's sharp elbows or (rare) knees are like awls or knives




Motif

l15a


Name_eng: 
Vulnerable place on the body
Description: 

The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs




Motif

l15d


Name_eng: 
The external soul
Description: 

Life of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed




Motif

l33


Name_eng: 
Rolling stone
Description: 

Stone chases people to crash them




Motif

l33b


Name_eng: 
Trickster provokes a rock
Description: 

Person suggests to another who looks like being unable to move (rock, stump, fire) a race competition or provokes this object to roll towards him. The competitor becomes to move, burns or crashes the person or runs away with his clothes




Motif

l33c


Name_eng: 
Rock crashes trickster
Description: 

Trickster and rock agree to race down slope. The rock rolls with ever greater speed and crashes the trickster




Motif

l61


Name_eng: 
Endocannibal
Description: 

Person devours his or her own flesh or disembowels himself or herself




Motif

l65


Name_eng: 
Demonic baby
Description: 

A baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people




Motif

m8a


Name_eng: 
Birds peck a rock to release prisoners
Description: 

Birds and sometimes also animals work hard to break from the outside or from the inside a rock, a tree truck, bonds, etc. to release some beings or themselves from confinement in a small enclosure or trap




Motif

m19


Name_eng: 
The bait-person
Description: 

Person ties another one (usually a child) to a fishing line to use him as a bait or orders the tied one to catch fish with his hands




Motif

m23


Name_eng: 
Mock plea
Description: 

Person or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm




Motif

m28


Name_eng: 
Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)
Description: 

Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more




Motif

m29f


Name_eng: 
Wolverine is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolverine suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m30a


Name_eng: 
Person defecates on a trickster
Description: 

Trickster who flies over a village falls to the ground. They bind him and defecate on him




Motif

m38


Name_eng: 
Stupid imitation (all versions)
Description: 

Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food




Motif

m53


Name_eng: 
Hoodwinked dancers
Description: 

Person invites birds or animals (usually geese and ducks) to dance or stand around him and concentrate their attention on some activity (usually to dance with their eyes shut), kills them, usually one by one. Or (rare) he dances himself with his eyes shut and then kills water fowl who gather around him




Motif

m65b


Name_eng: 
The lost quarry
Description: 

Person kills game (usually by deception), gets to see how thieves carry it away but is unable to intervene




Motif

m66


Name_eng: 
Itch after artichoke eating
Description: 

After eating certain plant, small animal, or rubbing it over his body, person suffers from itch, diarrhea, or from breaking wind




Motif

m68


Name_eng: 
Breaking wind scares game
Description: 

Because of his own obstinacy, person suffers of breaking wind permanently and starves because a loud noise produced by him scaring game




Motif

m69


Name_eng: 
Getting fast in an animal skull
Description: 

Small animals or insects dance or feast inside a big animal skull or food is there. Person inserts his head into the skull and cannot take it out for a long time




Motif

m70a


Name_eng: 
Old woman is pierced through
Description: 

An old woman defecates or breaks wind over a man. He kills her inserting a cutting object into her anus or vagina




Motif

m86


Name_eng: 
Rock punishes trickster
Description: 

Rock chases or otherwise punishes person who has offended it (usually deceived it or has taken objects that belong to Rock)




Motif

m93


Name_eng: 
Body part as a guard
Description: 

Before falling asleep, person tells his eyes (which he extracts and puts aside) or his anus to awake him in case of danger. Eyes or anus do not make an alarm or person himself does not react to it. As a result he suffers a damage




Motif

m93a


Name_eng: 
Guard punished
Description: 

Person punishes the part of his body which he selected as his guard for the time of his sleep or absence (he burns his buttocks, breaks eyes)




Motif

m61a3


Name_eng: 
Person provokes a quarrel between two fish
Description: 

To provoke a quarrel between two different fish, person tells each one that the other was insulting him




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

b42g


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a game animal(s)
Description: 

Ursus major (seven stars or only four stars of a dipper) is identified with the game animal or anmials (usually pursued by the hunter)




Motif

k27n3c


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a zoomorphic being
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish




Motif

m38a


Name_eng: 
The bungling host
Description: 

Being on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food




Motif

k10g


Name_eng: 
The man uses a fledgeling to descend to the earth
Description: 

A man gets into the nest of a giant bird on a high rock or tree. He descends to the earth killing the bird and fixing its feathers or wings to his body or (more often) using the bird’s nestling (riding on its back, holding its feet, fixing its feathers or wings)




Motif

m30c


Name_eng: 
Flying person falls down after breaking taboo
Description: 

Person flies across the air but falls down when, despite warning, looks down to earth, flies above villages, becomes to talk, etc.




Motif

f9d


Name_eng: 
Scorpions in the genitals
Description: 

Small creatures in female or male genitals are dangerous for the partner




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

a1


Name_eng: 
The old sun
Description: 

Another sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one




Motif

l9


Name_eng: 
Sharp body members
Description: 

Body members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon




Motif

a2a


Name_eng: 
The sun is a source of distructive heat
Description: 

The world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

f9e1


Name_eng: 
Dangerous animal in vagina
Description: 

Woman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)




Motif

k18aa


Name_eng: 
Pregnancy because of the non-sexual contact
Description: 

A girl becomes pregnant without her knowledge thanks to the contact with body liquids of a male person or with objects touched by him (not because of the normal sexual contact, or a wish expressed by the father of her future child, or her mistical contact with a deity). The happy marriage of the girl with her child’s father follows





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Montagnais
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Swamy Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Ojibwa (=Severn Ojibwa, Sandy Lake Cree, Northern Saulteaux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Ojibwa (Missisauga, Timagami and other groups in eastern Ontario)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Algonquin, unspecified Algonkians of the Midwest (probably Old Algonquin)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Micmac
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wayana, Aparai

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 9 Tradition:
Montagnais
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Western Swampy Cree (incl. Rock Cree)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Northern Ojibwa (=Severn Ojibwa, Sandy Lake Cree, Northern Saulteaux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Micmac
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Plains Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern and Southern Tehuelche
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wawenock, Abenaki, Penobscot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Swamy Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Assiniboine