Buryats: Eastern (Trans-Baikal, Mongolia and Inner Mongolia)



Tradition title rus: 
Забайкальские буряты: хоринские, агинские (близки хоринским), селенгинские (включая табангутов), кударинские, баргузинские; буряты Монголии (Булганский, Селенгинский, Центральный, Хэнтэйский и Восточный аймаки); шэнэхэнские буряты (Хулун-Буирский аймак Внутренней Монголии); баргуты
Areal ID: 
9.1.4.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
180.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
63.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a23aWho will see the Sun first?Two persons or animals argue about who of them will be the first to see the rising sun. One who seemed to have less chances wins
a23dWho will be the first in the calendar cycle?Animals argue which of them should stand at the beginning of the calendar cycle (twelve months or years). Mouse obtains the first place
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a2b1The last sunTwo or more suns shine in the sky. When the extra suns had been annihilated, there was a risk of the last one being destroyed too
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a32fWater-carrier in the MoonPerson who went to fetch water and/or holds in hands a container for liquid is seen in the moon
a32gHolding a bushPerson who had been carried up to the moon took hold of a bush or a small tree and is seen now on the lunar disc together with this bush
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a37The Sun is attacked with weaponsPerson intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)
a37aShooter hides undergroundSmall animal (marmot, rabbit, mole, toad, frog) or person who turns into this animal tried to hit the Sun with arrows and since then has been hiding from the Sun in underground holes or in the water
a37bShooter’s thumb cut offA small animal (marmot, rabbit, mole, toad, frog) or person who turns into this animal tried to hit with his arrow an aim in the sky (the Sun or a bird) but remains without thumb as a result
a37cShooter’s arrow hits an obstaclePerson is going to hit the celestial body or deity but his arrow hits an obstacle that screens his aim for a moment
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2dMarriage of the sky and the earthThe male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b42bSky hunters pursue an ungulateIn the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)
b42hThe Belt of Orion is the game, other star is the hunterThe Belt of Orion is the animal or three animals, other star (of the Orion or outside of this constellation) is the hunter
b48bHuman flesh in the animalsSome game animals have a piece of human flesh in their body that remained since the time when these animals were anthropomorphic
b68aA punished bird: must carry a weaker one on its backBirds quarrel and one who pretended to obtain a high position badly beats a weaker one. Other birds decide that the offender must carry another one on his back
b90Master of wolvesThere is an anthropomorphic patron or patroness of wolves. Usually he or she gives instructions to wolves on particular day of the year
c31The wise hedgehog (cosmology)A hedgehog proves to be smarter than gods and than other animals; he possesses the knowledge that is of crucial importance for survival of humans
d4aaMoth tries to steal fire from peopleMoths try to steal fire which the people posess
e9ePuppy as a rewardYouth gets to supernatural beings, rejects any treasure, asks for a puppy, a dog's skin, a fruit, etc. When he returns home, the puppy (skin, etc.) turn into magic wife
e9i1Swan-wifeA man marries supernatural woman who is a swan
f51bFollowing the threadTo get know the nature or locality of a person, another fastens a thread to his body and follows it
f70Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuseWoman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him
f70aDisordered clothes as evidence against innocent manTo accuse a man or boy of (sexual) abbuse, a woman tears her clothes, smears or scratches her body pretending to be attacked
f70bRevenge of a rejected womanA woman revenges on a man who rejected her love but necessary not pretends to be an object of sexual harassment from his part
g6aTree of the yearYear is described as a tree with the number of branches, twigs, leaves etc. corresponding to the number of seasons, months, days, etc.
h16bThe basin of milkA river (wave, lake, basin) of milk that exists on earth (and not among the stars) is mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h54The eyelids of ViyEyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) of personage hang long down over his eyes. To make the eyes widely opened, the eyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) should be propped up with poles, folks, sticks, etc. (rare: cut off)
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i11aThe earth was put on the back of a turtle (frog)It is described how the earth was obtained and put on the back of a turtle or frog
i128Ursa major is a dipperUrsa major is a dipper, a ladle
i35cGod the craftsmanOne of mythological characters using his skills in crafts creates for the first time tools and valuable cultural and natural objects; is a patron of craftsmen (usually of blacksmiths)
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i5Thunder is an animalThunder looks like a quadruped mammal (pig, buffalo, camel, anteater, tapir, dog, cat, leopard, monkey, etc.)
i50Ungulate animal with more than four legsAn ungulate animal (a horse, an elk, a moose) with six or more legs is described or represented in art
i6Weather birdsA man meets a giant bird that brings with it clouds, rain, hail, thunderstorm, etc.
i6aMale and female birds: different kinds of precipitationThe male and the female birds bring with them different kinds of precipitations (e.g. the male comes with a hail, the female with a rain). Or (Buryats of Mongolia) one and the same bird brings different kinds of precipitations depending on is it angry or not.
i82hVenus’ name is ČolpanThe name of the Venus is like Čolpan, Čolbon, Tsulmon, etc.
i85Polaris is a pole, a nailPolaris is a (tethering) pole or a nail
i85aAnimals walk around PolarisHoofed animals are walking around Polaris or the movement of stars is compared with the movement of animals around a post
i87aSeries of creatures ever greater in sizePersonage of gigantic dimensions in respect to normal humans and animals proves to be tiny dwarf in respect to another personage
i87a1Small or big? A dialogueTwo persons engaged into dialogue describe a series of objects and creatures as simultaneously giant and small
i87aaThe big bullHuge bull (rare: horse) is described: its head is in one field, its tail in another; a bathhouse on its tale, a lake on its back; person who is near the head walks a long time till he meets another neat the tail; etc. Usually the bull is killed and eaten (by people in Baltic Finnish traditions and in Russian bylina from Olonets area; by bird in most of southern traditions)
i90To follow the rolling ball of threadsTo reach his or her destination, person follows a ball of threads (rare: some ball, apple) which is rolling in front of him or her
j32To identify the night thiefSome valuables (foals, hay, apples, etc.) are regularly stolen. Nobody (the elder brothers) is able to catch the thief and only the hero (the younger brother) finds who it is
k100eAggressive storiesStories act as particular persons: become harmful because they think that a certain person does not treat them in a correct way
k112Farm-hand revenges on the SunA poor man condemns the Sun and other supernatural personages responsible for weather, wild animals, etc. that because of them he lost his property. He finds them and punishes them
k116aKing is killed after putting on a strange attireA powerful person abducts or is going to abduct a poor man’s wife. She tricks him to put on a strange attire (often her husband’s clothes). After this his men or dogs kill him taking for the poor man (fool, devil)
k119Animal helper marries a poor boy to a princessTo make a poor man rich (usually to marry him to a rich girl or to marry a poor girl to a prince), an animal makes other people believe that the groom is rich already. The man becomes prosperous indeed
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k125House utensil betrays its masterAn enemy asks house utensils or personal objects where their master hid himself or herself or what direction he or she ran away. One of the objects, not treated by the master in a proper way, betrays him or her
k126Wolf pays for the eaten up horseA wolf (lion, etc.) or a demon eats up hero's horse but gives him a fair compensation (usually provides a wife)
k131Men fight over magic objectsA man on a journey meets tree or two persons who are quarreling over the division of magic objects (a flying carpet, seven mile boots, etc.). The man promises to render a judgment, but he asks first to try our the objects or suggests the owners to run a race and uses opportunity to escape with the objects
k137Sister tricks women to come and revive her brotherWhen her brother is killed, a girl puts on his clothes and in a guise of a man wins competitions and gets women who are able to revive the dead. She puts the clothes back on her brother and the women come and revive him taking him for their husband. Or a sister is killed and her brother after winning wives tricks them to revive her
k137aA girl in her brother’s guise gets a wife for himA young man is killed. His sister puts on his clothes and pretending she is a man gets a wife for him. This woman beliefs that the girl’s brother from the very beginning was a man whom she married
k14Precious advicesA man gives his last money for simple advices. Each of them saves his life or helps to achieve success or he does not follow the advices and gets into trouble
k148The stolen coltsEvery night or every year a mare gives birth to a colt but every time it is stolen
k14cMan mistakes his son for his wife’s loverComing home after a long absence, a man understands that there is another man in his house but keeps patience and discovers that it is his own son or a close kin of his wife
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k25eMagic wife is an ancestorAll humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27uHide-and-seekHero and his adversary play hide-and-seek. The hero finds his adversary but the adversary cannot find him
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k2aHero marooned in the underworldHero is sent to the lower world though a well, precipice, etc. After he obtains valuables (young women), his envious companions cut the rope to get rid of him but he succeeds in returning back
k32gPunishment: torn apart by horsesTo punish an antagonist, he or she is tied to a horse (camel, bull) and dragged or he or she is torn apart (usually by horses)
k32g1Forty horses or forty knives?Person is asked to choose between objects that have utilitarian value, often forty (seven, etc.) horses or forty knives. Usually the person does not understand that the question is about different kinds of execution
k33gFruits of two kindsOne who eats certain fruit (leave, etc.) gets horns (long nose, etc.) or turns into an animal. After eating another fruit (leave) person recovers his or her normal body
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k35aHero brands his rivalsIn exchange for temporal advantages, person agrees to be maimed or branded
k36Bewitched into animalPerson is temporary transformed into animal (usually into a dog or coyote or into donkey, ox, etc.). When he acquires his human guise again, the antagonist suffers similar transformation. In some texts only the hero or only the antagonist is transformed
k37Recognition-testTo return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects
k37eThe iron bird with three legsThe clairevoyant is unable to pinpoint a person who betrayed a secret because doing this, the latter is covered with objects which normally are never found together
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38bThe nestlings and the aggressive snakeA serpent or water monster regularly devours or injures children of a bird or other flying creature (almost always nestlings of giant bird). The hero kills the serpent (monster)
k38b1Bird steals colts, hero kills the serpentEvery time when a horse gives birth to wonderful colts, they are stolen by a giant bird. A hero goes to get the colts and kills a serpent that regularly devours nestlings of the giant bird
k38b4Serpent comes out of the waterPowerful bird has its nest on the tree that stands in or nearby the body of water. The serpent (reptilian monster) comes out of it to devour the nestlings
k38f6The fire-creatureA creature that consists of fire is mentioned
k40One will be eaten today and another tomorrowTwo (rare more) persons or creatures think that they are doomed but one whose death is slightly delayed is happy while one who will be killed earlier is in grief
k52cThe flood in a dwellingA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion and that the people also see animals (waterfowl, fish or marine mammals) swimming around
k52c1Penis instead of a fishA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion. One of the episodes: the character tells the people to take the waterfowl or fish that have appeared with the water or they start to catch them on their own initiative; when the water disappears, the people see that they hold in their hands not those animals, but their own penises or something else
k65eMidwife in the underworldA woman is summoned to help supernatural beings as a midwife (to baptize a baby, to be a babysitter) and returns to the human world after rendering her assistance
k66Extraordinary companionsSeveral companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity
k67cSkin ribbon ripped off from the backPerson agrees that under certain conditions another may rip off some skin from his back or cut off his ears, nose, etc.
k72Three maidensPowerful person listens in conversation of three (rare: two or four) women. Each of them tells what she would do if the person marries her. One promises to bear his son (children) who would have wonderful qualities, two others promise to practice some kind of work or (more rare) marry people of lower status
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a4Baby child substituted with a pupHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a pup (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a pup)
k73cA girl in a bird's nestA girl gets into a bird’s nest (usually the bird carries away a baby-girl). The bird cares for her like her parent, the girl becomes a beauty
k74Hero, his companions and a dwarfThe hero and his companion or companions live together. Every morning one stays at home while another or others go to hunt, etc. A demonic person comes, eats up all the food and beats the cook. Or the man who remained at home comes to the demon himself in search of fire and is maltreated by him. The hero kills or neutralizes the demon
k77b1The wolf flees from the wolf-headWhen domestic animals meat the predators, they – deliberately or unintentionally – behave in such a way that the predators escape in panic
k77b2The goat's weaponsA predator animal asks a goat (a ram, etc.) about a purpose of certain parts of his body. The goat describes every part as a weapon able to injure his opponent or the goat really possesses weapons
k77cOnes who hide in a house frighten dangerous enemyObjects and/or domestic animals live in a house. When dangerous enemy comes, they attack him, he dies or escapes (all texts with K77A and K77B included)
k79Snake serves an example of resuscitation Person in a desperate situation gets to see how a snake or other small animal uses remedy to revive or to cure itself or other animals. The person uses the remedy, succeeds
k81The handless girlFor minor offence or because of false accusation a young girl or woman is maimed and expelled from home (rare: killed or she kills herself). The maimed person magically obtains her body integrity (the dead revives)
k82Evil sister-in-lawWife of a man or wives of a group of brothers envy his (their) sister and tries (try) to destroy her
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k91The invisible battleHero's dogs or horse or (rare) he himself fight with his adversary in the underworld (under the water). Those who are waiting for the outcome of the combat understand who overcomes whom by the color of water or foam that rises to the surface, or the color animal who comes first to the surface
k92aThe princess responsible for her own fortuneA girl driven away from home or married to a poor man become prosperous
k92cWife is weaving, husband is sellingA princess or a fairy becomes the wife of a poor man. She weaves or embroiders a kerchief (or something else) and sends him to sell it. This is the first step to their ultimate success
k98(Animal) helper turns into householdAn animal or (rare) a person that gave birth to the hero or supported him for a long time asks his master or son to kill him or her. Its (her) remains turn into a house with a household where the hero can live
k99Prophecy of future sovereiniyA young man or (rare) a girl has a (day-)dream that predicts his or her future triumph. The dreamer either conceals or reports its contest to his family and in both cases is punished for too high opinion of himself. In the beginning the dreamer sometimes sells his dream to another young man, who becomes the protagonist of the tale. Adventures that follow explain the contest of the dream. The youth becomes rich and happy (e.g. marries heiresses of two kingdoms, that in the dream were symbolized by two suns or a sun and a moon), the girl marries king's son
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l104Fugitive and pursuer change guisesA fugitive turns in succession into different animals or objects. A pursuer does the same, every time becoming an animal or a person who is dangerous for the fugitive in his given guise
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l42dOgre’s tongue frozen to icePerson escapes from an ogre, runs over frozen water body and spills some blood on ice. The ogre rushes to lick the blood, his tongue freezes to ice. Or the ogre slips on ice, falls, is badly hurt, dies
l42kOgre coughs up an axeTo cut a tree, an ogre coughs up an axe (anze)
l65bDogs save their masterA demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l81Demon’s firePerson sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person
l92Feigned suggestion to help the ogrePerson escapes to a tree or high rock. An ogre tries to cut it down. Some person or animal suggests the ogre to have a rest, promises to work instead of him but spoils his work or (in Subarctic) kills him when the ogre gives him his axe. (Africa versions have Eurasian origins)
l93aHelpful foxCunning fox, jackal or coyote saves particular person or many people, helps them
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
l95Coming back to pick up toysPerson (usually a kid or lad) returns to the former place to pick up the forgotten object (often a toy) and is caught there by a demonic being
l95aFloating lungsA lung or a liver lies on a road or floats in a pond etc. As soon as person touches them, a dangerous demon appears in front of him
l95bParents collaborate with a demon against their childWhen a man or a woman promises to give his or her child to a demon, he or she does not try to save the child but help the demon to catch him or her. Despite all, the boy or girl escapes from the demon
l99Bring me a spit to roast you!An ogre sends a man to bring him a roasting stick and/or firewood to cook him. The man intentionally does it slowly, brings unfit objects An ogre sends a man to bring a roasting stick and/or firewood to cook him. The man intentionally does it slowly, brings unfit objects or a an animal helps him to escape
m106Meaningful namePerson lies that his name is so and so. Others understand it not as a name but as a common word and behave accordingly
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m114b2How many steps made your horse?A (powerful) man asks a girl (a person of low social position) concerning a number of repetitive and trivial acts made by her or a number of small objects that she has that nobody ever counts. The girl puts a reciprocal question concerning the number of acts of the same routine kind made by the man
m116Wisdom of hidden old man saves kingdomPeople are ordered to kill their fathers or (rare) mothers (the Nyoro: to deprive them of power and property; the Baluch: not to take them setting off for the journey). An old man concealed by his son helps to resolve difficult problem
m135Wolf and two ramsTwo ungulate animals (rams, bull, etc.) run from the opposite directions and butt the wolf killing or injuring him
m145The lion in a wellA weak (animal) person demonstrates a strong one his reflection in water. The latter believes that an animal like he contests his supremacy, invites him for a visit, etc., usually jumps in and drowns
m152Why only one wolf?When a weak animal or a person gets to see a predator animal or an ogre, he says in a loud voice (or asks to say his wife or children) something that frightens the predator (ogre): why the predator (ogre) brought to him is lean (small; only one instead of several), or it is good that more food gets to his house, etc. The predator (ogre) runs away
m157The impossible giving birthPerson claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal
m157a1Father is giving birthPerson proves the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that his or her father (or other man or a male animal) had given or is giving birth or is menstruating
m157a3To milk a bullPerson demands from the other to bring him an offspring or milk of a male animal
m161A dog in the bagPerson gives another (often a fox) a bag putting inside a dog instead of food; or he makes free a girl who was kept in the bag and replaces her with a dog. The dog attacks the one who opened the bag
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b1The wolf is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29oTrickster is a monkeyIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a monkey
m49Man in a skin of anotherHero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp
m57a1Flowers blossom where she puts her feet Where the beautiful woman steps, treasure appears, flowers blossom, etc.
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m57c1Gold-producing bearA man enters into a fight with a bear or (among the Malayali) leopard and makes another person believe that this animal defecates gold
m60a2False servant licks solesA servant has to lick soles or a wound of his master or mistress. The hero comes disguised as the servant and instead of licking the soles rubs them (rubs the wound) with a cut off animal tongue
m75bHero inside carcassA man hides in a skin or carcass of a big animal. A bird carries it to its nest without knowing that the man is inside
m75b2Bird tries to avert predetermined marriageWhen a boy and a girl are still small children, a bird gets to know about their predetermined marriage. All its attempts to prevent the marriage fail
m77A soiled bedWhile person is asleep, another smears with excrements or something that reminds excrements his or her bed or clothes. The ashamed person runs away or agrees to make what the trickster wants in exchange of his silence
m78A tiny boy (Thumbling)Tiny boy as small as a thumb, a pea and the like taunts people, predator animals, ogres
m78fA planted empryoWhen a woman falls asleep, the trickster (usually a tiny boy) puts animal embryo or entrails (or something that looks like this) near her to make her or other people believe that she has had a miscarriage or her own entrails have fallen out
m78gTied together while being asleepWhen household members fall asleep, the trickster (usually a tiny boy) ties them in pairs to make a mess when they get up
m83Who is older?Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older
m83aCrying for his dead childrenPersons or animals argue who of them is older, some claim that they lived in such and such time, but the last one says that he remembers this day because a certain event had taken place at this time
m91c1Herd from the river bottomPerson gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed
m91c7Tell them that I have diedWhen enemies come to deal with a man he pretends to be dead
m98Who are more numerous?Person reckons up number of members in two enormous and alternative multitudes (alive trees and dead trees, men and women, etc.). Usually numbers prove to be equal but one member possesses the qualities of the both multitudes. Adding it to one of them, person demonstrates his case
m99Intention to exterminate birdsPerson is going to exterminate birds but decides not to do thanks to a wise adviser
m99a1Holes in the birds' beaksPerson is going to make holes in the beaks of birds (to thread them)
n1Initial formula: when Altai was but a small tussockEpics and folktales begin with an initial formula in which it is claimed that objects that are huge now were tiny
n28aThe roots of rocksRoots (belt) of rocks (stones, mountains) are mentioned in myths, riddles, proverbs, charms and songs as something that does not exist
n28a1Belt of mountainsAmong the things that do not exist in the world, a belt of mountains is called
n28bLadder to the skyIn a list of things that do not exist in the world, a ladder or stairway to the sky (variant: a ladder in the sky) is mentioned
n28cPillar of the skyIn a list of things that do not exist in the world, a pillar of the sky is mentioned
n28dLid for the seaIn a list of things that do not exist in the world, a lid or covering for the sea, ocean or river are mentioned
n28gHorse has no gallIn a list of things that do not exist in the world, a gall of horse or ass is mentioned
n28hHorse has no hornsIn a list of things that do not exist in the world, horns of the horse are mentioned
n28iWhisk for the seaAmong the things that do not exist in the world, a whisk for the sea is called
n30Crying while looking in one direction and laughing while looking in anotherThe formula that describes the confusion of feelings: when a person looks in one direction, he or she cries, when in another – begins to laugh or smile; or one eye of a person laughs and another laughs; or person laughs looking at one object and weeps looking at another; or one of two persons who share the same fate laughs and another smiles, etc.
n4Ribs with no intervalsStrong men have ribs grown together to form a kind of an armor or shell
n6Horse tells to whip him stronglyA horse tells his rider to whip him with such force that his blood would splash out, skin would come off, flesh would be gashed to the very bone, etc. The rider follows these instructions


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition: Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Mongols of Inner Mongolia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Tuva
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Darkhad
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bashkirs
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tofa (Karagas)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Tuva
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Marathi (incl. Bhamta; incl. Mumbai area)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kashmiri
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kalmyk
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Daur (Daghur)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir (Oduls)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northeastern Yakuts (Sakha): Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Basins
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Kazakh