Darkhad



Tradition title rus: 
Дархаты (в прошлом говорили на тюркском языке, близком к тувинскому; перешли на бурятский, позже – под влиянием халха-монголов)
Areal ID: 
9.1.5.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
92.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
40.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a2b1The last sunTwo or more suns shine in the sky. When the extra suns had been annihilated, there was a risk of the last one being destroyed too
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a32fWater-carrier in the MoonPerson who went to fetch water and/or holds in hands a container for liquid is seen in the moon
a37The Sun is attacked with weaponsPerson intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)
a37aShooter hides undergroundSmall animal (marmot, rabbit, mole, toad, frog) or person who turns into this animal tried to hit the Sun with arrows and since then has been hiding from the Sun in underground holes or in the water
a37cShooter’s arrow hits an obstaclePerson is going to hit the celestial body or deity but his arrow hits an obstacle that screens his aim for a moment
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b42bSky hunters pursue an ungulateIn the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)
b42hThe Belt of Orion is the game, other star is the hunterThe Belt of Orion is the animal or three animals, other star (of the Orion or outside of this constellation) is the hunter
b46Big Dipper is seven menEvery one of the seven main stars of the Ursa mayor is a an adult man
b46cBig Dipper is seven persons or animalsEvery main star of the Big Dipper is interpreted as a particular person or animal
b46dExtraordinary companions turn into starsSeveral men each of whom is an expert in a particular sphere turn into stars
b47The Pleiades bring coldIn former times or regularly the Pleiades or other group of stars produced or produce till now severe cold. (The heliacal set of the Pleiades is in May-June while in the Northern Hemisphere they are seen best of all in the winter time)
d4aaMoth tries to steal fire from peopleMoths try to steal fire which the people posess
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f53aBat or owl hides his faceA man hides his face from his wife because she does not know that he is a nocturnal being (a bat or an owl)
h7The personified DeathDeath (also Old Age, Disease, etc.) is a particular person not identical with the Master of the Dead. He kills people usually carrying away their souls
i25The bribed guardsWay to the place of a certain person is guided by dangerous creatures (which often stand on the both sides of the pathway). Person placates them by gifts or nice talk, and they let him or her go the both ways, sometimes being punished for this by their master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i5Thunder is an animalThunder looks like a quadruped mammal (pig, buffalo, camel, anteater, tapir, dog, cat, leopard, monkey, etc.)
i50Ungulate animal with more than four legsAn ungulate animal (a horse, an elk, a moose) with six or more legs is described or represented in art
i56Ghosts do not see people from earthThe alive person who is travelling between the worlds is visible for inhabitants of one world and invisible for inhabitants of another
i6Weather birdsA man meets a giant bird that brings with it clouds, rain, hail, thunderstorm, etc.
i82hVenus’ name is ČolpanThe name of the Venus is like Čolpan, Čolbon, Tsulmon, etc.
i85Polaris is a pole, a nailPolaris is a (tethering) pole or a nail
i85aAnimals walk around PolarisHoofed animals are walking around Polaris or the movement of stars is compared with the movement of animals around a post
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
k102Woman associated with the hero conspires in favor of his enemyA woman who initially is friendly to the hero (his mother, sister, more rare his wife, sexual partner) begins to cooperate with his enemy. For this she provokes the hero to do something that is mortally dangerous for him
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k131Men fight over magic objectsA man on a journey meets tree or two persons who are quarreling over the division of magic objects (a flying carpet, seven mile boots, etc.). The man promises to render a judgment, but he asks first to try our the objects or suggests the owners to run a race and uses opportunity to escape with the objects
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27v1To hit a needlePerson must hit a needle with an arrow (to shoot an arrow though the eye of a needle)
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k2aHero marooned in the underworldHero is sent to the lower world though a well, precipice, etc. After he obtains valuables (young women), his envious companions cut the rope to get rid of him but he succeeds in returning back
k2a1Simple man gets to see how the princess has been abductedA simple man becomes a chance witness of the abduction of the princess by the demonic being or finds an evidence of the abduction. The girl’s father sends him to bring her back
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k33gFruits of two kindsOne who eats certain fruit (leave, etc.) gets horns (long nose, etc.) or turns into an animal. After eating another fruit (leave) person recovers his or her normal body
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k36Bewitched into animalPerson is temporary transformed into animal (usually into a dog or coyote or into donkey, ox, etc.). When he acquires his human guise again, the antagonist suffers similar transformation. In some texts only the hero or only the antagonist is transformed
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38bThe nestlings and the aggressive snakeA serpent or water monster regularly devours or injures children of a bird or other flying creature (almost always nestlings of giant bird). The hero kills the serpent (monster)
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k61aTo get know a secretTo get know the precise number of certain units, to select certain object among many others, to get know a name of particular person or a reason of particular phenomenon, person tries to surprise (or unintentionally surprises) the possessor of the knowledge who becomes to speak aloud and so provides the hero with necessary information
k64Escape from Polyphemos’ cavePerson gets into dwelling of master of animals or monstrous shepherd. The host can kill him. The hero escapes sticking to hair of one of the animals who are going out
k64aBlinded cyclopesPerson blinds sleeping ogre or ogress and escapes from him or her
k66Extraordinary companionsSeveral companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity
k8dJonah: swallowed by anthropomorphic beingPerson (often an animal-person) gets into the belly of anthropomorphic being. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k91The invisible battleHero's dogs or horse or (rare) he himself fight with his adversary in the underworld (under the water). Those who are waiting for the outcome of the combat understand who overcomes whom by the color of water or foam that rises to the surface, or the color animal who comes first to the surface
k94Bird of luck (eaten up head)Person eats magic bird, fish, small animal, or fruit and becomes prosperous and powerful
k98(Animal) helper turns into householdAn animal or (rare) a person that gave birth to the hero or supported him for a long time asks his master or son to kill him or her. Its (her) remains turn into a house with a household where the hero can live
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l15h4Person’s soul is in a needleAn object that contains certain person’s soul / death is inside other object, the latter is in the third one (etc.). The last receptacle of the life is a needle, the hero breaks it
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42dOgre’s tongue frozen to icePerson escapes from an ogre, runs over frozen water body and spills some blood on ice. The ogre rushes to lick the blood, his tongue freezes to ice. Or the ogre slips on ice, falls, is badly hurt, dies
l65bDogs save their masterA demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l72bWhetstone becomes a mountainRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws objects that turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer. One of the thrown objects is a whetstone which turns into a mountain
l92Feigned suggestion to help the ogrePerson escapes to a tree or high rock. An ogre tries to cut it down. Some person or animal suggests the ogre to have a rest, promises to work instead of him but spoils his work or (in Subarctic) kills him when the ogre gives him his axe. (Africa versions have Eurasian origins)
l93aHelpful foxCunning fox, jackal or coyote saves particular person or many people, helps them
m171The profitable exchange: from a pea to a horsePerson or animal stays for a night and the next morning declares that his possessions (which value is none or negligible) are lost. Or other persons whom the trickster meets really use or spoil objects that the trickster gives them. Every time he receives in compensation objects or animals with ever bigger value, the last acquisition usually being a costly animal or a girl. (All texts with motifs M171A and M171C contain also the motif M171)
m171bShoulder-blade with no meatPerson pretends that he has not a bare should-blade but a good piece of meat, asks people to cook it and then blames them for stealing the meat
m57aBeads discharged from the bodyInstead of common body discharges a man or a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular person
m57a2Male person is the producer of valuablesInstead of common body discharges a a man urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular male person. See motif m57a
m57dBeat, cudgel!Person gets one by one magic objects that bring food or treasure. Other people replace them with common objects or take them away by force. The person takes his property back (usually beating the thieves with magic cudgel or whip)
m85The fox bluffsAn animal person (usually a fox or a jackal) threatens to cut down a tree on which mother bird (squirrel) made its nest unless she will throw down one of her nestlings (squirrel children) or eggs. Another bird lets the mother bird know that the predator is unable to realize his threat
m91The killed corpsePerson pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward
m91aSimulated killing (a bag with blood)Person pierces a bladder with blood or red juice, simulates murder or suicide
m91dThe drowned shamanPerson deceives the other (giving out a corpse for alive person, accusing incent people of murder, etc.). When a shaman (almost) gets to know the truth, the trickster kills her or him and gets to avoid any punishment
m98Who are more numerous?Person reckons up number of members in two enormous and alternative multitudes (alive trees and dead trees, men and women, etc.). Usually numbers prove to be equal but one member possesses the qualities of the both multitudes. Adding it to one of them, person demonstrates his case
m99Intention to exterminate birdsPerson is going to exterminate birds but decides not to do thanks to a wise adviser
m99a1Holes in the birds' beaksPerson is going to make holes in the beaks of birds (to thread them)
n13Girl is the scissorsGirl is associated with scissors (and boy with a knife or an axe)
n4Ribs with no intervalsStrong men have ribs grown together to form a kind of an armor or shell


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition: Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Tuva
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Buryats: Eastern (Trans-Baikal, Mongolia and Inner Mongolia)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mongols of Inner Mongolia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
SE Australia: Kamilaroi, Yualarai (Ualarai, Euahlayi), Milpulo (Mailpurgu), Wuradjeri (Wiradjurim, Wiradjeri, Wurundjeri, Yarra, Yarra Yarra), Wongaibon (Wonghibon), Noongahburrah (Narran, Narran River), Kurnai, and many others (see file 0.doc)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Tuva
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Southern Altai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Buryats: Eastern (Trans-Baikal, Mongolia and Inner Mongolia)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lithuanians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ossetians