Tswana (Chwana), Suto (Soto; incl Pedi, Mbire)



Tradition title rus: 
Чвана (тсвана, вкл баквена), суто (сото; вкл педи, мбире)
Areal ID: 
1.2.1.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
82.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
33.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12cEclipses: reptiles and fishDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish
a16Dangers along the Sun’s wayEvery night the Sun passes by creatures or objects which try to destroy them
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f2Pregnant limbChild is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
g9aCultivated field turns into the virgin soilPeople break ground but in the morning it is intact again
h1aThe originator of death the first suffererOne person wants man to live forever, another wants man to be mortal. When somebody dear to the latter one dies, he or she is eager to accept the suggestion of his or her opponent but the original decision cannot be changed
h1bDeath of a neighbor’s childPerson does something that makes death inevitable because the death of a child or a woman beloved by another person is indifferent or desirable for him or her
h1bbThe not revived dogPerson refuses to revive a dog which is dear to another person, and this conflict is related to the missed opportunity to revive people
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h36aOrigin of death from the falsified messagePerson distorts instructions that he must pass to others, intentionally lies, forgets or replaces certain objects that must be given to others. Because of this human beings become mortal (do not revive after death)
h36bDeath and the chameleonChameleon is responsible for introduction of permanent death or hard life; loses object that the deity trusted him to bring to the earth
h36cDeath and the lizardLizard is responsible for introduction of permanent death. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i55Stars are openingsStars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars
j23A late son kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j23cYoungest brother kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32aTravelling man leaves his wife or daughter for a short timeA man travels with his wife or daughter. Another woman or a demonic person replaces her when the man goes away for a short time or (rare) falls asleep
k33Drowned woman remains aliveA young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people
k33bFriends abandon a pretty girlA girl goes with her friends to a river, into a forest, etc. Other girls return home but the heroine has to remain or to go back to the forest, etc. She has a narrow escape from a dangerous creature. marries a supernatural being or a chief, or dies but is avenged
k56The kind and the unkind girlsOne of (step)sisters, co-spouses or young female neighbors meets a being that is able to reward and to punish. She behaves herself properly and is rewarded. Another (other) girl comes to the same being but behaves in a wrong way and is punished (not rewarded).
k56a2If asked to do in a bad way, do otherwisePerson (usually a girl) gets to the powerful person (usually an old woman) who asks her to act in a strange and harsh way (to put room in disorder, to bring unclean water, and the like). The person does not according to order but in a rationale and polite way and is recompensed. Another person acts according to the direct sense of the words and is punished
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a4Baby child substituted with a pupHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a pup (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a pup)
k74Hero, his companions and a dwarfThe hero and his companion or companions live together. Every morning one stays at home while another or others go to hunt, etc. A demonic person comes, eats up all the food and beats the cook. Or the man who remained at home comes to the demon himself in search of fire and is maltreated by him. The hero kills or neutralizes the demon
k80aA bird or an object tell about a murderAn object or a creature that emerged from remains, decorations, etc. of a killed person tells about his or her fate. Usually a reed grows from the person's grave and a pipe made from the reed tells the story
k80a1Bird tells about a murderA bird (that usually emerges from the remains of a murdered person or being incarnation of his or her soul) punishes the murderer or tells people about the crime
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8aaJonah: swallowed by birdGiant bird swallows people. The hero kills the bird and lets people free or being swallowed himself remains alive and comes out
l100aA pursuer throws ahead the transformed fugitiveA fugitive turns into small object (stick, stone) or hides himself inside it. A pursuer picks it up and throws ahead in anger, thus unwillingly helping the fugitive to escape
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l106b Journey to the other world in search of the lost objectIn search of a lost object, usually carried away by water or wind, a girl or (rare) a boy comes to a powerful person, gets the object back and/or is rewarded. The object is related to the everyday life, it has no ritual significance and is not a weapon
l108The wolf and the kidsAn (animal) person gives a signal (special song, etc.) to his relative or friend who lets him or her in. Antagonist imitates the person's voice or guise and the relative lets him in
l109The cannibal gourdA gourd proves to be a cannibal or grows from remains of a monster
l110The devourerA demonic being swallows a multitude of people and animals. When it is killed and cut open, the swallowed ones come out alive or are revived
l110aThe injured earA demonic being swallows a person or (in African versions) a multitude of people and animals. Hero kills the monster but cutting open its body, injures a person who was inside. Usually this person is offended and finds opportunity to kill the hero
l113The ogre bridegroomA girl (rejects suitors for a long time but at last) falls in love with a handsome man who proves to be a demon or animal. Usually she eventually escapes from him
l17bTwo facesPerson or creature has another face (another mouth) on the back of his (her, its) head
l32Gluttonous stoneStone swallows, bites or transforms people
l52Hero escapes from top of a treeHero hides in a tree from an ogre. Before the ogre gets to fell the tree, the hero flies away or a bird helps him to escape
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l65bDogs save their masterA demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l93bHelpful rabbitCunning rabbit or hare saves person, helps him or her
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105Make believe killing of motherPerson conceals his mother or (rare) wife or mother-in-law, tells another that he has killed or sold her, another really kills or sells his mother (wife, mother-in-law)
m109bSick animal carries the healthy oneA healthy animal tricks an injured one (a wolf, a bear) into carrying him on his back by pretending to be injured himself
m112Animals dig a wellAn animal person refuses to dig or clean a source of drinking water together with other animals or birds but takes advantage of the results of the work
m112aTurtle catches the thiefAnimal are guarding some food or water or come after water. The deceiver takes what he needs or does not let the others to use the water. Turtle, toad or frog proves to be smarter than the deceived and catches him
m118Source of values is destroyed imprudentlyPerson or animal gets access to values that are inside an animal, a tree, a rock or other enclosure. Later he himself or more often somebody else tries to do the same but destroys source of values, blocks access to it or makes it too dangerous
m119Demonstrated many timesTrickster suggests to be a nurse or a shepherd, kills and eats children or animals, demonstrates to the parent (the owner) one and the same child or animal as many times as was their number in the beginning
m120Cannibal baby-sitterAnimal person promises to take care of another animal's children but do not fulfill obligations and usually eats the young ones
m128Speckled animalsHero comes to an agreement with antagonist that he can take animals of particular appearance or with particular behavior and takes all or most of them
m134cThe wolf overeats in the cellar The wolf or other wild animal gets into the cellar (storehouse, vineyard, etc.) and eats so much that cannot leave
m141bThe animals flee in fear of the end of the worldA small bird or animal (chicken, cat, mouse, etc.) takes a trivial event (a leaf or an acorn falls, etc.) for a catastrophe (a war, the end of the world, the fall of the sky, etc.) and flees. Other animals share its fear and go along with it.
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m156The ungrateful one returned to captivityAn (animal) person saves a dangerous animal from a snare or the like. The saved one is going to kill his savior but the third person saves the second (usually tricks the first one to captivity again)
m171The profitable exchange: from a pea to a horsePerson or animal stays for a night and the next morning declares that his possessions (which value is none or negligible) are lost. Or other persons whom the trickster meets really use or spoil objects that the trickster gives them. Every time he receives in compensation objects or animals with ever bigger value, the last acquisition usually being a costly animal or a girl. (All texts with motifs M171A and M171C contain also the motif M171)
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b1The wolf is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1Hare or rabbit as the main tricksterIn most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m29kThe turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m29k1 Not used in statisticsThe turtle (toad, frog) is a tricky failureA turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) behaves foolishly creating serious problems for himself
m29w3The lion is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the lion suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29xThe hyena is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the hyena suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m39a1Misunderstood instructions: a step behindFool follows instructions that were reasonable in every previous episode but become absurd in every next one
m85The fox bluffsAn animal person (usually a fox or a jackal) threatens to cut down a tree on which mother bird (squirrel) made its nest unless she will throw down one of her nestlings (squirrel children) or eggs. Another bird lets the mother bird know that the predator is unable to realize his threat


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Lozi (Losi, Rotse, Barotse), Lui, Subiya (Subia)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Ila (Baila)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Malawi (incl Nyanja, Banyanja, Manganja), Tumbuka (incl Henga), Nsenga, Matengo, (Ba)Wenda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kosa (Xosa, Xhosa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chagga (Jagga; incl Wasu), Pare, Digo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Shone (Shona, =Mashona, =Karanga), Makoni (Shoni dialect), Remba (=Hungwe, Wahungwe); Zezuru, Rozwi, Ndau (Vandau)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bemba (Wemba, Babemba; incl Ambo, Lala, Lamba, Bisa), Holoholo, Kaonde
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ndebele, Pedi, Thonga (incl Ronga), Hlengwe, Matabele (Tebele)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kalenjin; including Sabaot, Nandi (Nande), Arusha, Kipsigis, Pokot (Suk), Keiyo (Elgeiyo), Marakwet, Sebeei

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Kosa (Xosa, Xhosa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Ndebele, Pedi, Thonga (incl Ronga), Hlengwe, Matabele (Tebele)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Gogo, Kaguru, Luguru, Zigula, Taveta, Shambala (Šambala), Bondei, Taeta, Dabida; Zaramo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Shone (Shona, =Mashona, =Karanga), Makoni (Shoni dialect), Remba (=Hungwe, Wahungwe); Zezuru, Rozwi, Ndau (Vandau)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Gur (Oti-Volta): Mamprussi, Dagomba, Dagari (Dagara; incl Lodaga), Bassari, Mosi, Nankanse, Konkomba, Moba; Ditammari, Nyende, Bulsa (pl Builsa, Bulo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Sakata
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tiv, Bamum (Bamun), Mungaka (Mgaka, Bali), Beba, Anaguta, Bete (Mbete, Karang), Ekoi, Nyang, Vute (Wute), Jukun, Chamba, Bamileke, Kwotto, Kirri; Denya (Nyang)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mbundu (Umbundu, Kimbundu, Chimbundu, Ovimbundu), Kwanyama, Owambo (=Ambo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Nyatutu, Kiniramba, Isanzu