Linked Motifs

Motif	Name	Description
a32	Figure on lunar disc	A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32a	The Moon rabbit	Rabbit or hare are seen in the moon
b125	Animals exchange their organs	During the time of creation particular species of animals (rare: plants) exchanged certain organs or traits or one animal borrowed an organ from another one but never brought it back. Thence the characteristics of these animals now. In rare cases the back exchange and restoring of the initial situation or the passing of certain organ from one animal to another without compensation are described
b40a	Missed opportunity to have horns	Animal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them
b86	Babylonian tower	To reach the sky (the Sun, Moon, particular star), people build a ladder or tower that consists of separate modules (bricks, logs, sticks, etc.). This construction collapses
b88	Job	All person's children die. He or she addresses God and asks him why he or she suffers so much
d4a	Theft of fire	Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4l	Fire from the sky	First fire is sent to earth from the sky or the ancestors ascend to the sky and bring from there fire or warmth
e5c	People from the sky	The first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
h1a	The originator of death the first sufferer	One person wants man to live forever, another wants man to be mortal. When somebody dear to the latter one dies, he or she is eager to accept the suggestion of his or her opponent but the original decision cannot be changed
h1b	Death of a neighbor’s child	Person does something that makes death inevitable because the death of a child or a woman beloved by another person is indifferent or desirable for him or her
h1bb	The not revived dog	Person refuses to revive a dog which is dear to another person, and this conflict is related to the missed opportunity to revive people
h24c	Death in container	People open container with death or disease inside and become mortal
h36	The muddled message	Person is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h36a	Origin of death from the falsified message	Person distorts instructions that he must pass to others, intentionally lies, forgets or replaces certain objects that must be given to others. Because of this human beings become mortal (do not revive after death)
h36b	Death and the chameleon	Chameleon is responsible for introduction of permanent death or hard life; loses object that the deity trusted him to bring to the earth
h36d	Death and the hare	Hare is responsible for introduction of permanent death
i2	Lightning from eyes	Lightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms
i40	Rainbow bow	Rainbow is a bow
i82b	Venus is female	Morning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
i82c	Venus is the Moon’s wife	Venus or some other bright star seen near the eastern or western horizon is female and wife of the Moon
i97	Rainbow horse
j42	Waters split apart	When person comes to the water body, waters are split apart so the person reaches the other bank walking on the dry ground
l85	One-sided people	One-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
m104	Make believe killing of kinsfolk	Person conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105	Make believe killing of mother	Person conceals his mother or (rare) wife or mother-in-law, tells another that he has killed or sold her, another really kills or sells his mother (wife, mother-in-law)
m112	Animals dig a well	An animal person refuses to dig or clean a source of drinking water together with other animals or birds but takes advantage of the results of the work
m112a	Turtle catches the thief	Animal are guarding some food or water or come after water. The deceiver takes what he needs or does not let the others to use the water. Turtle, toad or frog proves to be smarter than the deceived and catches him
m131	Biting tree-root	A stronger (animal)-person gets to seize a leg or tail of a weaker one. To get free the weaker one pretends that his pursuer got hold of a tree root, and the pursuer lets his enemy free
m182	The tarbaby	The (animal) person threatens another to beat him and sticks to him with all his limbs in succession. Usually it is a figure smeared with some sticky substance that the person takes for somebody alive
m23	Mock plea	Person or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m29g	Trickster-hare or rabbit	In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1	Hare or rabbit as the main trickster	In most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m29k	The turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartness	Being smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m29k1 Not used in statistics	The turtle (toad, frog) is a tricky failure	A turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) behaves foolishly creating serious problems for himself
m29x	The hyena is a failure	Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the hyena suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m30	Trickster falls down	Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m62c	Pulling a rope	A weak animal-person agrees separately with two strong ones to pull a rope with him. They do not know that are engaged into tug-of-war with each other or that the rope is tied to a tree. (In New World motif borrowed from Afroamericans)
m89	Melted wax	Person dies or is humiliated after some object that he or she made of wax, resin, excrements and/or took for something worthy are melted down
m89a	Horns of hyena	Only horned animals are invited to a feast. Hyena makes itself false horns but is disguised

Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Tswana (Chwana), Suto (Soto; incl Pedi, Mbire)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Lozi (Losi, Rotse, Barotse), Lui, Subiya (Subia)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Bemba (Wemba, Babemba; incl Ambo, Lala, Lamba, Bisa), Holoholo, Kaonde
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Ndebele, Pedi, Thonga (incl Ronga), Hlengwe, Matabele (Tebele)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Malawi (incl Nyanja, Banyanja, Manganja), Tumbuka (incl Henga), Nsenga, Matengo, (Ba)Wenda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Shone (Shona, =Mashona, =Karanga), Makoni (Shoni dialect), Remba (=Hungwe, Wahungwe); Zezuru, Rozwi, Ndau (Vandau)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Sakata
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Luba (Baluba, Luba-Katanga, Shaba), (Ba)Holoholo, Tumbwe, Bena-Piana, Tabwa, Benabena-Mitumba, Zela, Bene-Marungu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Rwanda (incl Hutu, Tutsi, Kiga), Rundi, (Ma)Shi, Banyabungu; Rega

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition: Swahili, Midjikenda (incl Giryama), Nyika, Duruma; Ngindo, Kiluguru and other Islamic groups of the Eastern Coast of Africa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition: Gogo, Kaguru, Luguru, Zigula, Taveta, Shambala (Šambala), Bondei, Taeta, Dabida; Zaramo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition: Bemba (Wemba, Babemba; incl Ambo, Lala, Lamba, Bisa), Holoholo, Kaonde
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Malawi (incl Nyanja, Banyanja, Manganja), Tumbuka (incl Henga), Nsenga, Matengo, (Ba)Wenda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Mbundu (Umbundu, Kimbundu, Chimbundu, Ovimbundu), Kwanyama, Owambo (=Ambo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Kamba, Tharaka
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Yoruba; incl Ife), Nupe, Bini (Edo), Engenni, Chamba, Dakka, Kukuruku
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Congo (Koongo, Bacongo; incl Vili, Fioti, (Ma)Yombe, MuKunyi), Ndombo, Luango (Loango), Zombo (Sambo), Laadi (Laari), (Ba)Fioti, Woyo (Kiwoyo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Mandingo (Manden, incl San, Samo), Kagoro, Bambara (Bamana), Malinke, Kassonke, Diula
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Nyatutu, Kiniramba, Isanzu