Northern Ryukyu Islands (with southern Kyusyu in case of absence across the rest of Japan



Tradition title rus: 
Северные Рюкю (с крайним югом Кюсю в случае отсутствия мотива в остальной Японии)
Areal ID: 
10.3.2.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
72.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
19.00
Motifs: 

Motif

b38


Name_eng: 
The ruined painting
Description: 

Person paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result




Motif

b38a


Name_eng: 
Two birds decorate each other
Description: 

Two birds decorate each other, one becomes worse than it was before




Motif

b38d


Name_eng: 
Raven and owl paint each other
Description: 

Raven and owl paint each other




Motif

f7


Name_eng: 
The water-maiden
Description: 

Man takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f51


Name_eng: 
The clandestine lover
Description: 

Person who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)




Motif

f51b


Name_eng: 
Following the thread
Description: 

To get know the nature or locality of a person, another fastens a thread to his body and follows it




Motif

i62


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a river
Description: 

Milky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim




Motif

i87a


Name_eng: 
Series of creatures ever greater in size
Description: 

Personage of gigantic dimensions in respect to normal humans and animals proves to be tiny dwarf in respect to another personage




Motif

j18a


Name_eng: 
Mother is eaten up, children escape
Description: 

An ogress devours a woman, gets into her house. Her daughters (daughter and son, one daughter) run away, climb a tree or a rope that hangs from the sky. Ogress pursues them and perishes




Motif

j26


Name_eng: 
Babies come out of the water
Description: 

Baby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water




Motif

j47


Name_eng: 
Pursuer falls from height
Description: 

Person ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k12a


Name_eng: 
A strained bow
Description: 

An unrecognized hero comes to a place where his bride or wife has to marry another man or is tuned into a slave. Despite expectations, he gets to strain a tight bow killing his rivals




Motif

k14


Name_eng: 
Precious advices
Description: 

A man gives his last money for simple advices. Each of them saves his life or helps to achieve success or he does not follow the advices and gets into trouble




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k36


Name_eng: 
Bewitched into animal
Description: 

Person is temporary transformed into animal (usually into a dog or coyote or into donkey, ox, etc.). When he acquires his human guise again, the antagonist suffers similar transformation. In some texts only the hero or only the antagonist is transformed




Motif

k47a


Name_eng: 
A woman and a dog
Description: 

After having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people




Motif

k56


Name_eng: 
The kind and the unkind girls
Description: 

One of (step)sisters, co-spouses or young female neighbors meets a being that is able to reward and to punish. She behaves herself properly and is rewarded. Another (other) girl comes to the same being but behaves in a wrong way and is punished (not rewarded).




Motif

k56b


Name_eng: 
The worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punished
Description: 

First one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished




Motif

k75


Name_eng: 
The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)
Description: 

A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities




Motif

k80


Name_eng: 
Repetitive reincarnation
Description: 

Person (usually a young woman) turns into different objects or creatures which another person destroys one by one. However, the person is reincarnated again and again and ultimately acquires her or his original form




Motif

k81


Name_eng: 
The handless girl
Description: 

For minor offence or because of false accusation a young girl or woman is maimed and expelled from home (rare: killed or she kills herself). The maimed person magically obtains her body integrity (the dead revives)




Motif

k127


Name_eng: 
Brothers transformed into animals
Description: 

A girl has many (more than three) brothers, they turn into birds or animals (rare: into plants; killed by magic), ultimately become human again




Motif

l27a


Name_eng: 
One is eaten up, another escapes
Description: 

Two or three children get to the house of a demon or the latter comes to their house. They do not know that the person is a cannibal or are not sure about it. The demon eats up one of the children. Another child (children) escapes, the demon pursues him or them and perishes. Usually the demon is a female, and if he is male, his victims do not arouse in him sexual interest




Motif

l37a


Name_eng: 
To get know causes of problems
Description: 



Motif

l37b


Name_eng: 
Secrets accidentally overheard
Description: 

Person accidentally overhears secrets of animals or demons and thus gets to know the causes of his and other people's misfortunes




Motif

l44


Name_eng: 
Show me your head!
Description: 

A man hides in a shelter. An ogre wants him to demonstrate certain parts of his body. The man demonstrates or parts of the body of an animal or some objects. The ogre believes that his adversary is a powerful creature




Motif

l65a


Name_eng: 
The cannibal sister
Description: 

A girl born to the family or found proves to be a monster, devours people. Her brother escapes, (usually marries and returns home, finds that everybody had been eaten up), runs away, she pursues him but cannot get




Motif

l72


Name_eng: 
The obstacle flight
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer




Motif

l105


Name_eng: 
Invisible missile
Description: 

Animal, fish or person wounded by hero runs or swims away, usually with the man's projectile in his or her body. Local doctors are not able to cure the wound (usually because they do not see the projectile). The hero or his companion comes to the place where the wounded one lives and cures him or her (usually extracting his projectile from the wound)




Motif

l106


Name_eng: 
Lost object claimed back
Description: 

An antagonist makes a demand to the hero which is correct in form but really is unjustified. The hero fulfills the claims or is punished. Now antagonist takes an object or animal possessed by the hero, is unable to give it back and is punished




Motif

l108


Name_eng: 
The wolf and the kids
Description: 

An (animal) person gives a signal (special song, etc.) to his relative or friend who lets him or her in. Antagonist imitates the person's voice or guise and the relative lets him in




Motif

l108b


Name_eng: 
The thin voice
Description: 

To make himself unrecognizable by the victim, a predator or ogre modifies his throat or tongue mechanically (oils or burns it, asks blacksmith to remake it, etc.)




Motif

l108c


Name_eng: 
The white hand
Description: 

To make himself unrecognizable by the victim, a predator or ogre demonstrates clothes, limb, etc. that look like clothes or limb of his victim's mother, etc.




Motif

m60a


Name_eng: 
A hunter comes to one whom he wounded
Description: 

An animal or a supernatural creature is wounded but escapes. Local doctors are helpless. The hero or his companion, masked as a doctor, comes to the wounded one and either cures or kills him.




Motif

m91


Name_eng: 
The killed corpse
Description: 

Person pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward




Motif

m110


Name_eng: 
The forgotten liver
Description: 

An animal is tricked to be carried across the water by those who are going to eat or to use as a medicine a part of its body. The animal tells that forgot to take just that part which is needed, is carried back to take it, escapes




Motif

m116


Name_eng: 
Wisdom of hidden old man saves kingdom
Description: 

People are ordered to kill their fathers or (rare) mothers (the Nyoro: to deprive them of power and property; the Baluch: not to take them setting off for the journey). An old man concealed by his son helps to resolve difficult problem




Motif

m167


Name_eng: 
A tiger taken for a bull
Description: 

During the night a strong predator (a tiger, a lion, etc.) and a thief not knowing about each other get into stable to steal a domestic animal. The thief takes the predator for domestic animal or for a person and acts accordingly




Motif

m167a


Name_eng: 
A tiger who is afraid of Twilight
Description: 

A strong predator (usually a tiger) overhears a person saying that he fears something worse than a tiger The word is unknown to the tiger (twilight, etc). Thinking it must be a terrible thing he hides and then runs away




Motif

k25a1


Name_eng: 
Magic wife finds her clothes
Description: 

Magic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)




Motif

k27x3


Name_eng: 
The man persecuted because of his beautiful bride
Description: 

A powerful person coverts a beautiful bride or wife of a man and gives him impossible tasks to get rid of him




Motif

h4


Name_eng: 
The shed skin
Description: 

Those who change their skin become young again




Motif

h5


Name_eng: 
People and snakes
Description: 

Reptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death




Motif

h6a


Name_eng: 
People and plants
Description: 

Mortal humans are contrasted with (almost) immortal trees that shed their bark, become green again after winter sleep or propagate by sprouts




Motif

h6b


Name_eng: 
The life-medicine spilled on plants
Description: 

The life-medicine is accidentally spilled not on men but on plants which become evergreen, capable for regeneration or producing fruits




Motif

h6bb


Name_eng: 
The lost objects
Description: 

Animal person is sent to pass to the people certain objects or substance but loses or replaces them. Because of this people miss possibility to become immortal or their life becomes difficult




Motif

h36


Name_eng: 
The muddled message
Description: 

Person is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)




Motif

h36a


Name_eng: 
Origin of death from the falsified message
Description: 

Person distorts instructions that he must pass to others, intentionally lies, forgets or replaces certain objects that must be given to others. Because of this human beings become mortal (do not revive after death)




Motif

h36ff


Name_eng: 
Death and the raven
Description: 

Raven is responsible for introduction of permanent death




Motif

m75b1


Name_eng: 
Marco the Rich
Description: 

A respected man gets to know that a poor boy must inherit all his property or become a king and tries to prevent it, but the fate cannot be changed




Motif

l37b1


Name_eng: 
Toad under a stone
Description: 

To cure a sick person or to save a household from misfortunes a toad or frog hidden in the house should be killed or removed




Motif

m199i


Name_eng: 
Screaming or whistling context
Description: 

A man (boy) and an ogre (devil, bear, etc.) have a screaming or whistling context. The man uses a trick (binds ogre’s eyes and strikes him on his head with a heavy object; blows a horn at the ogre’s ear; pretends to bind their heads that they would not break because of his whistling, etc.). The ogre acknowledges the man to be stronger than he




Motif

m116a


Name_eng: 
Ungrateful son reproved by naive actions of own son
Description: 

When an aged father is banned from the table and served his meals in a wooden cup by his son and his daughter-in-law, the little grandson starts to build a similar cup for his parents to use when they grow old. Thereupon the couple starts to reflect on their undignified behavior. Thinking of their own old age, they bring the old father back to the family table (previously type 980B). A son gives his father half a blanket (carpet, cape, cloth) to keep warm. Thereupon the little grandson keeps the other half of the blanket and explains that he will save it for his parents for when they are old (previously type 980A.). An aged father is abandoned by his son in the wilderness (abyss) in a cart (sledge, basket). The grandson keeps it in order to use it in the same way for his parents when they have grown old. They reflect on their behavior. (previously type 980C). The ungrateful son drags his old father out of the house. At the threshold the father says, "Do not drag me further; I dragged my own father only this far!". The son reflects on his bad behavior




Motif

j25b


Name_eng: 
Dead mother fetches food for her baby
Description: 

Mother dies and is buries. Her spirit comes out of the grave to fetch food for her baby. The baby is found and remains alive




Motif

m157


Name_eng: 
The impossible giving birth
Description: 

Person claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal




Motif

m198b


Name_eng: 
The pretended astrologer
Description: 

A person who has not a bit of a skill to expose thieves and find the lost objects does it successfully thanks to a series of lucky coincidences




Motif

m198b5


Name_eng: 
Pretended diviner overhears a talk
Description: 

The pretended diviner overhears a talk, otherwise he would be unable to find the lost object




Motif

k99


Name_eng: 
Prophecy of future sovereiniy
Description: 

A young man or (rare) a girl has a (day-)dream that predicts his or her future triumph. The dreamer either conceals or reports its contest to his family and in both cases is punished for too high opinion of himself. In the beginning the dreamer sometimes sells his dream to another young man, who becomes the protagonist of the tale. Adventures that follow explain the contest of the dream. The youth becomes rich and happy (e.g. marries heiresses of two kingdoms, that in the dream were symbolized by two suns or a sun and a moon), the girl marries king's son




Motif

m202


Name_eng: 
Thorn removed from lion’s paw
Description: 

Person removes a thorn from the paw (bone from the throat) of a strong and dangerous animal or a demon, the animal (demon) is grateful




Motif

l40


Name_eng: 
Reflection and shadow
Description: 

Person discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water




Motif

l81d


Name_eng: 
Two cripples fight and become healthy
Description: 

Two cripples with different injuries quarrel and fight after overcoming a demon that makes them unexpectedly healthy




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

j47b


Name_eng: 
The two ropes
Description: 

A strong rope (chain, etc.) is thrown to the person pursued by a demon but a rotten rope is thrown to the pursuer. The person is saved and the demon falls down (drowns) and dies




Motif

k118a


Name_eng: 
A portrait of an unknown beauty
Description: 

After seeing a portrait of an unknown beauty, a man is eager to meet her




Motif

k116b


Name_eng: 
The girl in the box is replaced with ferocious dog
Description: 

To get a girl in his possession, the antagonist creates a situation when her relations must put her in a box (barrel, bag, etc.) and then abandon, throw it into the river or give it to him. The girl is imperceptibly replaced with a ferocious dog or other animal. Usually when the antagonist opens the box, the animal kills or injures him




Motif

k37d


Name_eng: 
Recognized by traces of teeth
Description: 

One person gets to know about the presence of another seeing traces of his teeth or nails on a fruit or leaf




Motif

k56a4f


Name_eng: 
The unkind girl becomes ugly
Description: 

The supernatural person does not like the behavior of the unkind girl and punishes her making her ugly (disfigured)




Motif

b36a


Name_eng: 
Two creatures decorate each other
Description: 

Two zoomorphic personages decorates each other or somebody decorates each of them





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 9 Tradition: Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (cis Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tajik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Karachays, Balkar
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kru: Kru proper, Sapo (Sapã), Grebo, Kran (Krahn, Guere-Krahn; incl. Putu, Tchien), Bete, Neyo, Wobe, Devoin (Dey), Belle (Kuwaa), Bassa, Sikon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Armenians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Viet, Muong

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 10 Tradition:
Northern Ryukyu Islands (with southern Kyusyu in case of absence across the rest of Japan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Guangdong, Guanxi and Yunnan Chinese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Koreans; Goguryeo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Henan and Hubei Chinese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Fikian Chinese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Shandong Chinese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Central Tibetans (Yu Tsang, incl. Sikkim Tibetans, Tichurong of NW Nepal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Southern and Central; Ryukyu Islands: Yaeyama, Miyako, Okinawa