Mandan



Tradition title rus: 
Мандан
Areal ID: 
13.1.3.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
79.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
46.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a17


Name_eng: 
The Sun’s relax at the midday
Description: 

After passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest




Motif

a27


Name_eng: 
Crowns of the Sun and Moon
Description: 

Light and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32b


Name_eng: 
The Moon toad
Description: 

Frog or toad are seen in the moon or the Moon is associated with them




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a38


Name_eng: 
The Sun caught in snare
Description: 

Person prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.




Motif

a40


Name_eng: 
The Sun or Moon marry toad
Description: 

Frog or Toad is a wife of the Sun or Moon




Motif

a42


Name_eng: 
Phaethon: false Sun fails to fulfill his duty
Description: 

Person comes to the sun, attempts to fulfill the sun's duty but intentionally or because of a lack of skill does it wrong and the earth suffers from heat etc.
(Cf. Earth burned because the bearer of the sun came too low, Boas 2002: 664)




Motif

b1


Name_eng: 
Two male creators
Description: 

Two male anthropomorphic creators compete in producing things. One of them is or becomes master of the underworld and/or spirits while another is associated with humans




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b41


Name_eng: 
The talking dog
Description: 

Because the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak




Motif

b41a


Name_eng: 
Animal reveals master’s secrets
Description: 

The dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak




Motif

b48


Name_eng: 
Predators become herbivorous
Description: 

Weak or herbivorous animals were dangerous predators but have been transformed




Motif

b71


Name_eng: 
Aurora borealis
Description: 

Aurora borealis is spirits (of the dead) who run holding burning torches, play or fight with each other




Motif

c6


Name_eng: 
Valuables brought from the lower world
Description: 

Persons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)




Motif

c6c


Name_eng: 
The diver is a bird
Description: 

An aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom




Motif

c6d


Name_eng: 
The aquisition of the earth from the lower world
Description: 

The dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

e5a


Name_eng: 
Mankind ascends from the underworld
Description: 

The first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together




Motif

e5e


Name_eng: 
The two-headed being is not allowed to come to the earth
Description: 

First people or animals ascend or descend to earth. The two-headed monster attempts to follow them but is prevented from coming to the earth




Motif

e6


Name_eng: 
Because of a woman worlds become isolated
Description: 

When a woman of the child-bearing age tries to come from one world to another (e.g. from sky to earth), the communication between the worlds is blocked or broken forever




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f9a


Name_eng: 
Vagina dentata
Description: 

There are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)




Motif

f10


Name_eng: 
Vaginal teeth knocked out
Description: 

Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f36


Name_eng: 
Sons kill paramour
Description: 

The (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father




Motif

f51


Name_eng: 
The clandestine lover
Description: 

Person who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)




Motif

g15


Name_eng: 
Plant maidens
Description: 

In the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons




Motif

h18


Name_eng: 
Hoarded game released
Description: 

Game animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world




Motif

i1


Name_eng: 
The thunderbirds
Description: 

Creatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird




Motif

i2


Name_eng: 
Lightning from eyes
Description: 

Lightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms




Motif

i3


Name_eng: 
Weapon of Thunder
Description: 

The lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being




Motif

i11


Name_eng: 
Cosmic turtle or toad
Description: 

A turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment




Motif

i82b


Name_eng: 
Venus is female
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a female personage




Motif

j18


Name_eng: 
Woman falls from the sky
Description: 

A woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up




Motif

k25d


Name_eng: 
Prohibited bulb in the sky
Description: 

Person gets to the sky, makes hole through the firmament digging out a root. Usually woman's husband or his kinsmen warn her against digging out a special bulb or tuber; breaking taboo, she gets to see the earth, decides to descend




Motif

k25b


Name_eng: 
Woman pursues a porcupine and gets to the sky
Description: 

Pursuing a porcupine, woman climbs a tree and gets to the upper world




Motif

k26


Name_eng: 
A hole in the firmament
Description: 

Finding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky




Motif

k27e


Name_eng: 
Eating or drinking contest
Description: 

Person or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food




Motif

k27m


Name_eng: 
To get an animal of unusual color
Description: 

The hero must kill and bring an animal of special (often unusual) color or form




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k27p


Name_eng: 
Antagonist mourns loss of his helpers
Description: 

The antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them




Motif

k27s


Name_eng: 
Contest: a race
Description: 

Contest: a race




Motif

k27x


Name_eng: 
Former husband of magic wife
Description: 

A man marries a non-human woman. In her world, she has another husband or suitor. She returns to her world, human husband follows her. He stands tests and/or fights with local inhabitants, gets his wife back




Motif

k29a


Name_eng: 
Surviving in a fire
Description: 

Hero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation




Motif

k37


Name_eng: 
Recognition-test
Description: 

To return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects




Motif

k37a


Name_eng: 
To recognize a man
Description: 

Person must recognize her (or his) son or husband among several identical persons or animals




Motif

k43c


Name_eng: 
Dog unfastens children
Description: 

Abandoned children are tied to a tree. Helpful dog or other animal unfastens them




Motif

k47a


Name_eng: 
A woman and a dog
Description: 

After having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people




Motif

k50


Name_eng: 
False wife beheads enemy
Description: 

A man disguised as a woman comes to his enemy and kills him at night (usually cuts off and carries away his head)




Motif

k66


Name_eng: 
Extraordinary companions
Description: 

Several companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity




Motif

k70


Name_eng: 
Two sisters-in-law: the girl and the frog
Description: 

One brother marries a girl, another a frog or toad, both bring them to their parents, or one man takes two wives, a woman and a frog. Both wives have to pass a test. Values of the girl are highly assessed, the frog’s poor qualities are revealed




Motif

l28


Name_eng: 
The snake-eater
Description: 

Person who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish




Motif

l65


Name_eng: 
Demonic baby
Description: 

A baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people




Motif

l66


Name_eng: 
Tunnel under the monster
Description: 

A small animal digs an underground hole to the place where the monstrous stag, elk, antelope, or buffalo lies. Hero climbs along the tunnel and kills the monster




Motif

l67


Name_eng: 
Monster’s hair gnawed off
Description: 

After digging a tunnel under a lying monstrous animal, a small animal (usually a mouse) bites off the monster's hair at a certain place. Hero kills the monster thrusting his spear or arrow through the hairless place into the monster's heart




Motif

l68


Name_eng: 
Two companions in the night
Description: 

Person turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness




Motif

l72


Name_eng: 
The obstacle flight
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer




Motif

l91


Name_eng: 
Long serpent
Description: 

Two or four boys go to war or are on their way home. A long serpent-like creature blocks the passage, they cannot find a path around it and burn it through. One eats its roasted meat and turns into serpent himself or dies




Motif

m4


Name_eng: 
A wrong step
Description: 

Crossing a body of water or descending a tree, person steps on an certain part of a body of an animal or on a certain animal that have made a chain (usually despite warning that he should not do it) and falls down or drowns as a result




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m48


Name_eng: 
Trickster turns into buffalo
Description: 

Trickster asks an animal to transform him but breaks condition of transformation and acquires his original guise. Usually he asks a big horned animal (buffalo, elk) to turn him into buffalo (elk) too. Animal charges, trickster is scared. Next time he remains on the place, turns into buffalo but trying to transform the same way another person, turns back into his own self




Motif

m83


Name_eng: 
Who is older?
Description: 

Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older




Motif

e9c


Name_eng: 
Ungulate animal-wife
Description: 

A man marries a woman who initially has guise of an ungulate animal (buffalo, elk, derr, etc.)




Motif

j61


Name_eng: 
As light as a feather
Description: 

Person is able to move or to hover in the air like a feather or a bit of fluff




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

k27n3c


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a zoomorphic being
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish




Motif

a32b1


Name_eng: 
Jumps on the face of the Moon
Description: 

A woman sits (jumps) on the face (back) of the Moon man and now is seen as the shadows on the lunar disc




Motif

k27xy


Name_eng: 
(Animal-)persons with different qualities in the camp of their adversaries
Description: 

Each of several men (male animals of different species) surpasses all others in some kind of activity. They get to the place of their adversaries and thanks to their special qualities win different competitions and survive in dangerous situations. The tale is not related to the quest of a marriage partner




Motif

c34


Name_eng: 
The deluge because of a wounded creature
Description: 

Killing (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge




Motif

l19a


Name_eng: 
Beings with even number of heads
Description: 

Beings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

c6c4


Name_eng: 
The duck is successful diver
Description: 

The duck (or an aquatic bird similar to the duck) dives and brings a piece of earth that is transformed into the dry land (it is the only or the only successful diver)




Motif

b33h


Name_eng: 
The mother of the Sun
Description: 

The Sun has the mother who shares with him (rare: her) his dwelling place





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Arapaho
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Crow
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Blackfoot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Okanagon, Sanpoil
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hidatsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Gros Ventre
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tillamook
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Flathead
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Menominee

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Arapaho
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Crow
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Blackfoot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Gros Ventre
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kiowa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Teton (incl Oglala)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hidatsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Pawnee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kutenai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wichita; Spiro Mound iconography