Mandan



Tradition title rus: 
Мандан
Areal ID: 
13.1.3.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
79.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
46.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a27Crowns of the Sun and MoonLight and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32bThe Moon toadFrog or toad are seen in the moon or the Moon is associated with them
a32b1Jumps on the face of the MoonA woman sits (jumps) on the face (back) of the Moon man and now is seen as the shadows on the lunar disc
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a38The Sun caught in snarePerson prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.
a40The Sun or Moon marry toadFrog or Toad is a wife of the Sun or Moon
a42Phaethon: false Sun fails to fulfill his dutyPerson comes to the sun, attempts to fulfill the sun's duty but intentionally or because of a lack of skill does it wrong and the earth suffers from heat etc. (Cf. Earth burned because the bearer of the sun came too low, Boas 2002: 664)
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b1Two male creatorsTwo male anthropomorphic creators compete in producing things. One of them is or becomes master of the underworld and/or spirits while another is associated with humans
b33hThe mother of the SunThe Sun has the mother who shares with him (rare: her) his dwelling place
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b41aAnimal reveals master’s secretsThe dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak
b48Predators become herbivorous Weak or herbivorous animals were dangerous predators but have been transformed
b71Aurora borealisAurora borealis is spirits (of the dead) who run holding burning torches, play or fight with each other
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c34The deluge because of a wounded creatureKilling (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6cThe diver is a birdAn aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom
c6c4The duck is successful diverThe duck (or an aquatic bird similar to the duck) dives and brings a piece of earth that is transformed into the dry land (it is the only or the only successful diver)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5eThe two-headed being is not allowed to come to the earthFirst people or animals ascend or descend to earth. The two-headed monster attempts to follow them but is prevented from coming to the earth
e6Because of a woman worlds become isolatedWhen a woman of the child-bearing age tries to come from one world to another (e.g. from sky to earth), the communication between the worlds is blocked or broken forever
e9cUngulate animal-wifeA man marries a woman who initially has guise of an ungulate animal (buffalo, elk, derr, etc.)
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f36Sons kill paramourThe (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
g15Plant maidensIn the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i2Lightning from eyesLightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
j18Woman falls from the skyA woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up
j61As light as a featherPerson is able to move or to hover in the air like a feather or a bit of fluff
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25bWoman pursues a porcupine and gets to the skyPursuing a porcupine, woman climbs a tree and gets to the upper world
k25dProhibited bulb in the skyPerson gets to the sky, makes hole through the firmament digging out a root. Usually woman's husband or his kinsmen warn her against digging out a special bulb or tuber; breaking taboo, she gets to see the earth, decides to descend
k26A hole in the firmamentFinding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27mTo get an animal of unusual colorThe hero must kill and bring an animal of special (often unusual) color or form
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3cTask-giver is a zoomorphic beingPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27xFormer husband of magic wifeA man marries a non-human woman. In her world, she has another husband or suitor. She returns to her world, human husband follows her. He stands tests and/or fights with local inhabitants, gets his wife back
k27xy(Animal-)persons with different qualities in the camp of their adversariesEach of several men (male animals of different species) surpasses all others in some kind of activity. They get to the place of their adversaries and thanks to their special qualities win different competitions and survive in dangerous situations. The tale is not related to the quest of a marriage partner
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k37Recognition-testTo return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects
k37aTo recognize a manPerson must recognize her (or his) son or husband among several identical persons or animals
k43cDog unfastens childrenAbandoned children are tied to a tree. Helpful dog or other animal unfastens them
k47aA woman and a dogAfter having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people
k50False wife beheads enemyA man disguised as a woman comes to his enemy and kills him at night (usually cuts off and carries away his head)
k66Extraordinary companionsSeveral companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity
k70Two sisters-in-law: the girl and the frogOne brother marries a girl, another a frog or toad, both bring them to their parents, or one man takes two wives, a woman and a frog. Both wives have to pass a test. Values of the girl are highly assessed, the frog’s poor qualities are revealed
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l65Demonic babyA baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people
l66Tunnel under the monsterA small animal digs an underground hole to the place where the monstrous stag, elk, antelope, or buffalo lies. Hero climbs along the tunnel and kills the monster
l67Monster’s hair gnawed offAfter digging a tunnel under a lying monstrous animal, a small animal (usually a mouse) bites off the monster's hair at a certain place. Hero kills the monster thrusting his spear or arrow through the hairless place into the monster's heart
l68Two companions in the nightPerson turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l91Long serpentTwo or four boys go to war or are on their way home. A long serpent-like creature blocks the passage, they cannot find a path around it and burn it through. One eats its roasted meat and turns into serpent himself or dies
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m4A wrong stepCrossing a body of water or descending a tree, person steps on an certain part of a body of an animal or on a certain animal that have made a chain (usually despite warning that he should not do it) and falls down or drowns as a result
m48Trickster turns into buffaloTrickster asks an animal to transform him but breaks condition of transformation and acquires his original guise. Usually he asks a big horned animal (buffalo, elk) to turn him into buffalo (elk) too. Animal charges, trickster is scared. Next time he remains on the place, turns into buffalo but trying to transform the same way another person, turns back into his own self
m83Who is older?Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Arapaho
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Crow
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Okanagon, Sanpoil
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Gros Ventre
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Flathead
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tillamook
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hidatsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Blackfoot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Menominee

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Arapaho
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Crow
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Blackfoot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Gros Ventre
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kiowa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Teton (incl Oglala)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hidatsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Pawnee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kutenai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wichita; Spiro Mound iconography