Upper Kuskokwim (Kolchan)



Tradition title rus: 
Колчан (верхние кускоквимцы)
Areal ID: 
12.1.1.2
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
62.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
32.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a32e


Name_eng: 
Person with an object in hands
Description: 

Person who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b10


Name_eng: 
Drunk out water
Description: 

Person drinks a lake or all the water in the world or all the water is originally inside person's belly. When a hole is made in it, the water pours out




Motif

b15


Name_eng: 
River from woman’s body
Description: 

A river flows from the body of a female person




Motif

b26


Name_eng: 
Man joins wild animals
Description: 

Person who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master




Motif

b28


Name_eng: 
Travelling transformer
Description: 

The transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.




Motif

b48


Name_eng: 
Predators become herbivorous
Description: 

Weak or herbivorous animals were dangerous predators but have been transformed




Motif

b50


Name_eng: 
Whose blood is sweeter?
Description: 

An insect feeds on human blood (flesh). Dangerous person asks it where it had sucked blood or whose blood (flesh) is the most delicious. Usually the insect lies or cannot answer (its tongue is cut off) and thanks to this dangerous person attacks certain plants or animals and not people




Motif

b57a


Name_eng: 
Red sunset contains a message
Description: 

When person gets to see that the sky becomes red he or she understands that another person's blood is shed or that another person spilled a red liquid




Motif

b100


Name_eng: 
The acquisition of the sleep
Description: 

Formerly or in a certain country the sleep was not known; certain person possesses sleep, is its incarnation or teaches to sleep; the sleep is a particular substance




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

c5b


Name_eng: 
Animal-scouts
Description: 

During the creation of the world or after the world cataclysm animals run around making the earth big, reporting about its condition or they are sent to report the size of the growing earth




Motif

c6


Name_eng: 
Valuables brought from the lower world
Description: 

Persons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)




Motif

c6b


Name_eng: 
The diver is muskrat (otter, beaver)
Description: 

A muskrat (more rare beaver or otter) brings the desired object from under the water




Motif

c6d


Name_eng: 
The aquisition of the earth from the lower world
Description: 

The dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)




Motif

e15a


Name_eng: 
Breast bone as a canoe
Description: 

Frame of canoe is made according to breast bone of a bird




Motif

e15b


Name_eng: 
Birds sew canoe covering
Description: 

While man is asleep, birds turn into girls and sew covering of his canoe




Motif

f1


Name_eng: 
First woman is a transformed man
Description: 

Woman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f51


Name_eng: 
The clandestine lover
Description: 

Person who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)




Motif

f65


Name_eng: 
The false burial
Description: 

To realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place




Motif

f65a


Name_eng: 
Death feigned to meet paramour
Description: 

Person pretends to die. His or her wife or husband abandons him or her on a burial place. He or she marries his or her paramour




Motif

h20


Name_eng: 
Fish disperse in the world
Description: 

All the fish or (rare) shellfish) was concentrated in one place. Certain person lets it lose or puts it into the rivers or sea




Motif

h34b


Name_eng: 
Rivers flow in both directions
Description: 

Rivers were flowing or according to the original plan had to flow in both directions; somewhere there is a river that flows in both directions




Motif

i31


Name_eng: 
Master and mistress of the dead
Description: 

In the Beyond, two mythological personages, one male and another female, meet the newcomers, or the same person meet the women in the female and the men in the male guise




Motif

j15


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to dangerous creatures
Description: 

Walking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed




Motif

k8c


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by terrestrial animal
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k26


Name_eng: 
A hole in the firmament
Description: 

Finding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky




Motif

k51a


Name_eng: 
Woman pushes her rival into the boiling pot
Description: 

A woman comes to her rival and kills her pushing her head into boiling liquid or pouring it into her ear




Motif

k59


Name_eng: 
Box for Osiris
Description: 

One man puts another into a box, closes the lid (or ties him to a board, to canoe, etc.) and puts the box adrift. It floats to another land, man is released there, returns home, revenges on his enemy




Motif

l5f


Name_eng: 
Helpful skull
Description: 

A bodiless head, face, or skull is a woman's husband, suitor or son. He is not dangerous but a good provider, saves people from hunger, etc.




Motif

l38


Name_eng: 
Demon’s trap
Description: 

A demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l57


Name_eng: 
Person gets his body part back
Description: 

Person loses his organ or body part, it is carried away. He finds its new owner, gets his property back




Motif

l57a


Name_eng: 
Hero's body part is returned by his companion
Description: 

The antagonists acquire person’s organ or body part (his remains) . Another person gets back what has been stolen and the first one revives (becomes strong again)




Motif

l72a


Name_eng: 
Comb becomes a thicket
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)




Motif

l74


Name_eng: 
The returned hand
Description: 

A bear or other dangerous being tears off and carries away a hand of a person and holds it at his sleeping place. Another person steals the hand, gives it back to the owner




Motif

l101


Name_eng: 
Pieces of clothes thrown to pursuer
Description: 

Pursued by demonic creature (usually a whale or walrus), people throw behind piece by piece children’s or woman’s clothes. These attract the pursuer’s attention, he loses time, the runaways escape




Motif

l103


Name_eng: 
Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)
Description: 

Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay




Motif

m18


Name_eng: 
Stolen arrows and hooks
Description: 

Person transforms himself into an object of hunting or fishing, provokes hunters of fishermen to catch or shoot him and carries way the tools that they use (arrows, darts, harpoons, hooks, baits). Or he fishes by turning himself into a hook. Or he is caught but escapes turning back into a person




Motif

m18b


Name_eng: 
Getting fishing hook or harpoon
Description: 

Person turns into a fish to steal fishing hook or harpoon or he turns into fishing hook to catch a fish




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m29a


Name_eng: 
Trickster-raven
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven




Motif

m29n


Name_eng: 
Trickster is a mouse
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a mouse




Motif

m41


Name_eng: 
The eye-juggler
Description: 

Person plays throwing his eyes or (Alaska Athabascans) his tooth up or away. Eyes or tooth first come back to eye sockets or mouth but eventually are lost




Motif

m42


Name_eng: 
Eyes: taken out of orbits and lost
Description: 

Person loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person




Motif

m42a


Name_eng: 
Eyes of berries
Description: 

Person (usually after losing his own eyes), makes new eyes of berries and is able to see again




Motif

m64


Name_eng: 
Person pretends to possess resources
Description: 

To get valuables (food, fire) concealed by their owner, person pretends that the valuables are already in his possession




Motif

m93


Name_eng: 
Body part as a guard
Description: 

Before falling asleep, person tells his eyes (which he extracts and puts aside) or his anus to awake him in case of danger. Eyes or anus do not make an alarm or person himself does not react to it. As a result he suffers a damage




Motif

m61a


Name_eng: 
To obtain valuables, quarrel provoked
Description: 

To obtain valuables person provokes a quarrel between their owners. When the owners become to fight with each other, the valuables fall out




Motif

m61a1


Name_eng: 
Person provokes a quarrel between two birds
Description: 

To provoke a quarrel between a gull and another bird, person (always a raven) tells each one that the other was insulting him




Motif

i133


Name_eng: 
Whole-sky constellation
Description: 

Sideral objects in different parts of the sky are identified with one and the same humanoid figure (parts of its body, decoratioons, etc.).




Motif

m29f


Name_eng: 
Wolverine is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolverine suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m29b2


Name_eng: 
The bear is a failure/enemy
Description: 

Because of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

k8c5


Name_eng: 
Bear dies after swallowing mouse
Description: 

Animal person (mammal, bird, fish) of a small size (less than a fox) gets inside the bear and kills him from the inside (usually eat his meat)




Motif

m29a1


Name_eng: 
Raven (crow) is the main trickster
Description: 

In three or more different episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven (crow)




Motif

l135


Name_eng: 
The Traveller
Description: 

Male person leaves his home and gets to unfamiliar places. On his way, he comes across different strange creatures. After all, he returns home or leaves the earth for the other world. (Rather often a long string of episodes breaks off or the story lacks the beginning and does not explain why the hero is travelling)




Motif

b42


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt
Description: 

Certain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue




Motif

b42k


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt and the Pleiades
Description: 

In the cosmic hunt tale either hunters or game is identified with the Pleiades





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Koyukon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Komi (Zyrians and Permyaks)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tanana
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
North Alaskan Inupiat
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Upper Tanana (Nebesna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Denaina
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Khanty (Ostyaks)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Hare (incl. Sahtu, or North Slavey, and Bearlake)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nganasans

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Haida
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
St. Lawrence Island Yupik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Central Yupik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Chukchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tahltan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tsimshian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Asiatic Eskimo (Sirenek, Naukan, Chaplino)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eyak