Western Yakuts (Sakha): Olekma and Vilyuy Basins



Tradition title rus: 
Западные якуты (Олекма, Вилюй)
Areal ID: 
9.3.1.3
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
76.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
50.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a23aWho will see the Sun first?Two persons or animals argue about who of them will be the first to see the rising sun. One who seemed to have less chances wins
a23bFirst beams on the tree topsTwo persons or animals argue who will see the rising sun first. One who got to see not the sun itself but its reflection or the first beams on trees or mountain tops wins
a2dSuns of the other worldsDifferent suns illuminate different worlds or will appear successively in the future
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a32fWater-carrier in the MoonPerson who went to fetch water and/or holds in hands a container for liquid is seen in the moon
a32gHolding a bushPerson who had been carried up to the moon took hold of a bush or a small tree and is seen now on the lunar disc together with this bush
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a32kFirst to the Sun, then to the MoobPerson seen in the Moon initially had to get to the Sun or the Sun and the Moon argue who of them should get the person
a44Moon the protectorA person pursued by an enemy or tyrannized by others asks the Moon to take her or him to the sky. The request is granted and the person is now seen in the Moon
b1Two male creatorsTwo male anthropomorphic creators compete in producing things. One of them is or becomes master of the underworld and/or spirits while another is associated with humans
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b42bSky hunters pursue an ungulateIn the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)
b42mnOne hunter chases the sky elkIn the cosmic hunt tale only one hunter (not many) pursues an animal (elk or bear) associated with a circumpolar constellation but not with Orion or the Pleiades. (In Kalevalaic tradition the association with particular sideral objects is absent
b45bThe bull of coldBull or cow are related to winter and cold, responsible for existence of the cold season
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6cThe diver is a birdAn aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom
c6c2The punished loonBirds must dive to get mud from the bottom of the waterbody, this mud will turn into the dry land. The loon is unable to reach the bottom, refuses to dive or attempts to hide the mud that brought by him (usually he is punished for this)
c6c4The duck is successful diverThe duck (or an aquatic bird similar to the duck) dives and brings a piece of earth that is transformed into the dry land (it is the only or the only successful diver)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6j1The earth is brought by the God's enemyGod sends his enemy to bring earth from the bottom of the waterbody. In the beginning, the enemy or also the god can have guise of birds. When the earth is brought up and dry land created, two persons, now always anthropomorphic, are engaged into confrontation
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
e13Drum is a lakeThe shaman’s drum is likened with a lake
h16aRivers of bloodRivers (lakes) of blood (also of puss, bones, sweat or water used for washing of corpses) are mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h34bRivers flow in both directionsRivers were flowing or according to the original plan had to flow in both directions; somewhere there is a river that flows in both directions
h48Daughters of evil spiritDiseases are sisters (rare: brothers), usually children of evil spirit
h54The eyelids of ViyEyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) of personage hang long down over his eyes. To make the eyes widely opened, the eyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) should be propped up with poles, folks, sticks, etc. (rare: cut off)
i10aColored layers of the skyDifferent sky levels or different categories of clouds have different colors
i22bBirds fly to the outer worldMigratory birds (or shamans in guise of birds) fly from our world to the outer world through the narrow opening, between clashing rocks, under the edge of the sky which is rising and falling, etc. Many birds perish; and/or the person who lives at this place feeds on these birds; the person can be mistress of birds, lives on another side of the pulsating obstacle
i22b1Birds perish at the border of our worldSome migratory birds (or shamns in guse of birds) perish when they reach the border of our world
i32Tree of the babiesThere is (or was) a tree on which souls of still unborn babies grow, which leaves transform into people, or which trunk is covered with female breasts or flowers that innumerable babies are sucking
i46Rainbow beltRainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt
i55Stars are openingsStars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars
i55aStars are lakesStars are lakes in one of the sky levels
i56Ghosts do not see people from earthThe alive person who is travelling between the worlds is visible for inhabitants of one world and invisible for inhabitants of another
i56aIn the land of the ghosts human being is an evil spiritWhen a man who had got to the land of spirits touches a local dweller the latter dies or becomes sick
i57Thunder pursues his enemyThunder's enemies are evil spirits, reptiles, animals living in burrows. They hide from him in different objects, Thunder destroys these objects
i68Opening of the skyOn a certain moment, a crack, a window or the like opens in the sky vault (rains flows though it, the upper world is seen, communication with inhabitants of the upper world becomes possible)
i68bNight of the fulfilled wishesIn a certain night of the year any wish that was thought of or voiced is fulfilled
i82hVenus’ name is ČolpanThe name of the Venus is like Čolpan, Čolbon, Tsulmon, etc.
i84Milky Way is a snow-shoes trackMilky Way is a path of a person who was walking on snow-shoes
i85a1Polaris is the hole in the skyPolaris is the opening though which one can get into the upper world
i91Water body at the base of a treeThere is a source or body of water at the base of a tree which connects layers of the universe and/or has gigantic dimensions and considered to be the main tree of the world
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
k52cThe flood in a dwellingA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion and that the people also see animals (waterfowl, fish or marine mammals) swimming around
k52c1Penis instead of a fishA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion. One of the episodes: the character tells the people to take the waterfowl or fish that have appeared with the water or they start to catch them on their own initiative; when the water disappears, the people see that they hold in their hands not those animals, but their own penises or something else
l126The bird indifferent to painA small bird makes a powerful anthropomorphic person lose his temper. The bird cannot be annihilated, cries from inside person's stomach, the person suffers or dies
l15cHero lies and remains unharmedDangerous person tells simple-heartedly what he is afraid of giving the hero a good opportunity to scare him
l15c1The antagonist is defeated because he tells truthDangerous person tells simple-heartedly what he is afraid of or what particular object is the receptacle of his life giving the hero a good opportunity to scare or to kill him
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l38aA sticky trapPerson sticks to an object, usually touching it one by one with his body members. The object is a trap of demonic creature or is a non human creature itself
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42eCaught againAn ogre catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way. The ogre comes back, this time carries the person to his home. Or the ogre catches a group of children, most of them escape on the way, one is brought to the ogre's place
l64Removable headPerson removes part of his or her body (head, scalp, lungs) and then puts it back
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
m101Some are afraid of men, and some of partridgesThe bear answers the fox (rare sable or wolf) that he is not afraid of the men (often says that he is afraid of the partridges when they fly up suddenly). When the bear attacks a man, he is wounded or killed. Cf. motif M101A
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m39aFool takes off boots from animals’ legsTwo or three brothers live together (with their mother). One of them makes stupid actions like (all or some of them): lets free animals that got into a snare but kills his mother; cuts off the legs of domestic animals or flays them; thinks that a certain place on a head of a baby is a tumor, sucks baby's brains out; cuts a cloth into pieces and ties them to reeds of to branches of a tree; hearing a murmur of water throws food into the water; tries to build a hut not on a river bank but in the river
m39a4iFontanelle of a babyFool sees fontanelle on a baby’s head, takes it for abscess and squeezes off. The baby becomes silent, the fool thinks that he fell asleep
m39a6dA coded messageA person sends to his or her kinsmen or spouse through other persons a text or an object. Only the receiver understands the real meaning of words or of the object, saves the sender and/or destroys his enemies
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m74aaTheft of food by playing godfatherAn animal person pretends (several times) that he has to make a visit (that he has been invited to be godfather at a baptism or invited to a funeral or wedding) but instead eats secretly food supplies
m91bThe sold ashesUsing trick, a man sells or exchanges for treasure ashes. Another person tries to sell ashes and is ridiculed
m91c1Herd from the river bottomPerson gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed
n10The transparent bodyA woman (rare: a man) with transparent body is described. This transparence is an evidence of the beauty
n10aThe transparent bonesA woman (rare: a man) with transparent body is described: bones are seen through the skin and marrow through the bones. This transparence is an evidence of the beauty
n13Girl is the scissorsGirl is associated with scissors (and boy with a knife or an axe)
n5They recognize winter by rime, summer by rainLong trips, campaigns, flights or battles are described using cliché which contain expressions like “they get to know that it is winter seeing rime, that it is summer, seeing rain” and the like


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Northeastern Yakuts (Sakha): Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Basins
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Selkups
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shor
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern Selkups
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Northeastern Yakuts (Sakha): Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Basins
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tungus.Evenki) of Russian Far East
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Asiatic Eskimo (Sirenek, Naukan, Chaplino)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir (Oduls)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chukchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Baikal RegionTungus/Evenki