Tonkawa



Tradition title rus: 
Тонкава
Areal ID: 
13.2.2.4
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
24.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
14.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a37


Name_eng: 
The Sun is attacked with weapons
Description: 

Person intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

e5a


Name_eng: 
Mankind ascends from the underworld
Description: 

The first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together




Motif

f2


Name_eng: 
Pregnant limb
Description: 

Child is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut




Motif

h18


Name_eng: 
Hoarded game released
Description: 

Game animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world




Motif

h18a


Name_eng: 
Pup lets animals lose
Description: 

The owner of game animals conceals them underground. One of the ancestors turns into pup, is adopted by owners' children, lets the animals lose




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

j44


Name_eng: 
The broken bridge
Description: 

Person or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice




Motif

j45


Name_eng: 
The stretched out leg (crane bridge)
Description: 

Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

l3


Name_eng: 
Husband turns into demon
Description: 

A demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)




Motif

l6


Name_eng: 
Demon clings to person
Description: 

A demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back




Motif

l9b


Name_eng: 
Elbow-knives
Description: 

Person's sharp elbows or (rare) knees are like awls or knives




Motif

l28


Name_eng: 
The snake-eater
Description: 

Person who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish




Motif

l30


Name_eng: 
Eating of snake meat triggers thirst
Description: 

Person who breaks some sort of taboo (usually has eaten a prohibited food) is thirsty and drinks enormous quantity of water




Motif

l68


Name_eng: 
Two companions in the night
Description: 

Person turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness




Motif

m12


Name_eng: 
The unlucky hunter
Description: 

Not to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m29k


Name_eng: 
The turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartness
Description: 

Being smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries




Motif

m29b3


Name_eng: 
The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

a1


Name_eng: 
The old sun
Description: 

Another sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition: Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Upland Yuma: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Paresi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Nez Perce
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Ute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Witoto, Ocaina
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Lepcha
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Cherokee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Pawnee

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Aguaruna, Huambiza
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Wichita; Spiro Mound iconography
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Nez Perce
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Chukchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Arapaho
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Nivakle (=Chulupi, Ashluslay, Ajlujlay)