Linked Motifs

Motif	Name	Description
a11a	Eyes of the Sun and the Moon: coolness and night	Visible sun and/or moon are the Sun's and/or the Moon's eyes. If these eyes were not injured, light and heat would be more intense
a11b	One-eyed luminaries	The Sun or the Moon is one-eyed (usually another eye was knocked or sucked out but sometimes this defect is not explained
a2c	Extra suns are children of the present one	Extra suns who almost burned or could burn the world are children of the present one
a3	Male sun and female moon	The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a35	Spots on the lunar disc	Dark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a41	The Sun swallows her children	Two persons have children (younger siblings, mothers). One of them proposes to another that they should kill (eat, bake, etc.) their children (mothers, etc.) but hides his or her own. The opponent actually kills his or her own kin. One of the persons or/and the only survived child is the Sun
a5	The Sun and the Moon are males	The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (rare) has no sex
b2a	The female earth	The earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3	A primeval swamp	Initially the earth is a swamp, water and dry land are not separated from each other
b3a	Primeval waters	Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3b	Earth grows big	Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b43	Purusha	Parts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
c8	The couple of close relations originates the mankind	In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aa	Brother and sister beget the people	In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8b	Siblings change their looks and marry	In the beginning of time or after the world catastrophe brother and sister or mother and son are the only humans. They reject marriage or only the man does not want to marry his sister or mother. After their looks are changed (or only the sister or mother changes her face) they take each other for strangers, marry and beget the new race
c8d	The smallpox breaks tabou for incestuous marriage	Brother and sister avoid incestuous relations but marry after getting over the smallpox and because of this being unable to recognize each other
e5a	Mankind ascends from the underworld	The first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5b	First couple from the underworld	First man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e5d	Predator devours emerging people	People live underground or in a small enclosure. When they come out they are attacked by monster or dangerous animal. Monster is killed or transformed
f10	Vaginal teeth knocked out	Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f16	Men and women: exchange of anatomical characteristics	Initially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)
f18a	The long penis	Penis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f9	A dangerous woman	For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9a	Vagina dentata	There are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
g23	Alive being turns into many objects	Person or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
h1d	The first dead is rejected by the alive people	Person dies and returns soon but people send him or her back, refuse to accept as a member of their community or bury again. Since then death becomes permanent
h1e	The first dead opens the road	After the first death the road to the realm of death remains open; certain person makes a road to the realm of death; the first person who had died becomes the ruler of the guard of the realm of death
h49d	The poisoned fruit	A bird or a person brings fruit (seed, sprout) that makes people young (healthy). By chance or by evil intent the fruit becomes contaminated with poison. The man for whom the fruit had been brought kills (is going to kill) the helpful bird (person) and then discovers the truth
h7f1	Death eats the dead	Death eats the dead and thus assuages his hunger
i11	Cosmic turtle or toad	A turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i11a	The earth was put on the back of a turtle (frog)	It is described how the earth was obtained and put on the back of a turtle or frog
i72	Stars are people	Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i72a	Stars are children of the Sun and the Moon	Stars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
i8e1	Four supports of the world	The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i8i	Original earth unstable	Originally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
k27n	Difficult tasks of the in-laws	A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1	Task-giver is a king or a chief	Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
l37a	To get know causes of problems

Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Central islands and Bikol: Visaya, Mansaká, Bikol, Mangyan, Panayan, Sulod, Cebuano (Cebu), Capiz, Romblomanon, Manuyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Semang, Senoi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Sora (Savara, Saora), Parenga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Garo (Atchik), Kachari (Bodo, incl. Lalung), Dimasa, Tripuri, Riang (of Tripura), Khami, Riga, Mori
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Different Indo-Aryan speaking groups in Chhattisgarh; tribal groups and castes of Central-Eastern India that speak Aryan languages: Dhoba (Dhobi), Halba (Halbi), Bhunjia, Lohar (Luhar, Luhara), Ghasiya, Kahar, Penti
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition: Southern Luzon: Pampango, Pangacian, Sambal, Tagal, Tayabas; Calamian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition: Wa (incl Kawa), Bulang

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Kurds
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Komi (Zyrians and Permyaks)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Tunisia Arabs
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Occitanie (southern France): Limousin, Auvergne, Provence, Aquitaine, Albret, Gers, Aveyron (Rouerge), Armagnac, Landes, Gascogne, Vivarés, Roussillon, Pyrénées, Bearne, Guyenne, Bigorre, Ain, Hautes Alpes, Ariège, Vienne, Aude, French part of Swiss
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Eastern Prussia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Baluch
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Poles
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Karachays, Balkar
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Central Tibetans (Yu Tsang, incl. Sikkim Tibetans, Tichurong of NW Nepal)