Klamath, Modoc



Tradition title rus: 
Кламат, модок
Areal ID: 
12.3.7.8
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
135.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
62.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32bThe Moon toadFrog or toad are seen in the moon or the Moon is associated with them
a39aTwelve monthsEach of calender units (usually the months) that make the year is a separate object or person
a40The Sun or Moon marry toadFrog or Toad is a wife of the Sun or Moon
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b17Night in containerDarkness is a particular object that can be carried (usually brought from its original owner in a container)
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b28bPacification of thingsHero comes to a country where inhabitants are afraid of objects or plants who attack them. He easily overcomes these objects and transforms them in what they are now
b29Eschatological feastPeople turn into animals, birds or stones at a feast, after the feast, after performing a ritual or after a victory over dangerous enemy
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b44aCouncil on seasons: units of timeAnimals (Melanesia: persons) discuss the number of discrete units of time that should be in a certain calendar period or in the night
b44cShould warmth and light exist?It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist
b44eDispute of ancestorsThe primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.
b45Marriage of winter and summerA coming of warm (light, abundant, etc.) or cold (dark, barren, etc.) time is related to the marriage of certain person
b98The bat between birds and animalsBat (rare: ostrich) makes attempts to join sometimes animals and sometime birds or is excluded from both categories
b98aBat becomes an outcastThe bat becomes an outcast among other creatures (usually after it makes attempts to join first animals and then birds or vice versa)
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4eCoyote or fox obtain fireCoyote or fox bring people the fire, the daylight or the Sun
e3New people from bonesAfter destruction of previous world, new people (rare: new earth) are made from the bones of the perished race
f1First woman is a transformed manWoman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)
f2Pregnant limbChild is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut
f34Land animal paramourCertain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f49The abnormal birthCesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom
f53Ugly husbandAn ugly man marries a girl but conceals his face. Marriage is ruined after his face is seen
f56Watching vagina triggers incestA man or boy thinks about incest when he gets to see his daughter(-in-law)'s, sister's, or mother(in-law)'s vagina
f56aShavings into the fireTo create opportunity to see female genitals, a man throws something combustible into the fire which makes the woman fall on her back and expose her vagina
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h13Dead person is returned and revivesPerson comes to the land of the dead and brings back somebody who has recently died or brings his remains. The dead one becomes alive and lives normal life (for some time)
h1aThe originator of death the first suffererOne person wants man to live forever, another wants man to be mortal. When somebody dear to the latter one dies, he or she is eager to accept the suggestion of his or her opponent but the original decision cannot be changed
h2The selfish animalAnimals ask God to make people mortal because people would be too numerous and step on the animals, deprive them of their food and habitat, or because the animals want to feast on the human corpses
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h24bSouls disappear from the opened containerPerson receives a container with the soul of a dead person and has to open it not before he gets to particular place or after particular time interval. He opens it too early, the soul fly away
h24eTo choose life or deathPeople are suggested to choose one of two objects, associated with life and death. They choose the object with death
h34bRivers flow in both directionsRivers were flowing or according to the original plan had to flow in both directions; somewhere there is a river that flows in both directions
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i46aOld woman’s rainbowRainbow is associated with an old woman
i48aFalling down into the underworldAt the terminal part of the narrative the antagonist of the hero descends into the underworld
i49The running earthquakeEarthquake is a person. Whenever he or she runs or walks, the earth trembles
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j12jImposter is a buffoon In village where valuable marriage-partner lives an imposter plays the role of a buffoon
j12kA valuable partner and an imposter live in one houseA valuable partner whom a girl (two sisters) should marry and an imposter live together in one and the same house
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j18Woman falls from the skyA woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up
j22aTwo men from oneTwo men or a man and a woman appear from two halves of the cut in two anthropomorphic body or embryo; or another man appears from part of the body of the first one or from his body discharge
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j30Parents’ remainsBefore the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
j52Two animal persons and their childrenA person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children
j52aBear as antagonistA bear-person (usually Bear-woman) kills her or his female companion who is associated with a weaker animal – not a predator or a weaker predator. The victim's children revenge on the antagonist killing her own children and / or run away and escape
j53The fawns and the cubsChildren of the ungulate animal person (deer, doe, antelope) become the enemies of a predator or bigger ungulate animal person. They kill her (him) and (or) successively escape from her (him)
j53aTo involve in a game and to killA child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other
j53a1A way of the revenge: to lure into the smoke and fireThe victim’s children kill the murderer’s children luring them in a place where the die of smoke or heath
j53cOne of two female companions kills anotherTwo co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape
j54The last female survivesAnimals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist
j55Unrecognized hero comes across enemiesHero comes across different creatures or persons who do not recognize him. Everyone tells that he is waiting for the Hero to kill him. The hero easily kills or transforms them himself
j61As light as a featherPerson is able to move or to hover in the air like a feather or a bit of fluff
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k125House utensil betrays its masterAn enemy asks house utensils or personal objects where their master hid himself or herself or what direction he or she ran away. One of the objects, not treated by the master in a proper way, betrays him or her
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27p1Antagonistic father-in-law acquires guise of an animalWhen father-in-law (rare: mother-in-law) asks the hero to killl or to tame a dangerous animal or not to kill certain animal during a hunt, he (she) turns into this animal himself or transforms into it his daughter(s) or wife (husband)
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27yTo get material for making bow and arrowsHero is sent or sets off by his own will to get two or more different materials needed for making bow and arrows (wood or reed for shafts, feathers, tendons for string, flint for points, paint to paint the shafts, gum to stick points to the shafts)
k27yy1To get feathers of a dangerous birdHero brings a feather (feathers) of a dangerous bird
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k35False husbandAn imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman
k4The bird nesterPerson climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground
k42Bird-woman kills men (The loon-woman)Bird-woman is energetically searching a man whom she likes, takes him by force for her husband. Turning into a monster, she kills men but is ultimately destroyed
k44False mother rejectedA demonic or animal person steals a boy and pretends to be his real mother or father. The boy gets to know the truth, leaves the false parent
k44aFrog pretends to be motherAn amphibian (frog, toad, rare newt) steals or finds a boy, lies him that she is his real mother
k51bThe killed ones smileBodies of the killed ones are put in such a position as if they are in a good mood (smile, laugh, dance)
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8c3Not from your mouth but through your sideOne (animal) person refuses to use different body parts of another besides the only one the use of which causes another’s death
k8c4Elk dies after swallowing mouseA mouse, a small bird, a porcupine or other animal (rare: person) of a small size gets inside a big ungulate (elk, deer, buffalo, tapir) to kill (and then usually to eat) him
k8c5Bear dies after swallowing mouseAnimal person (mammal, bird, fish) of a small size (less than a fox) gets inside the bear and kills him from the inside (usually eat his meat)
k8eGetting inside via anusPerson or animal gets into another being through its anus
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l17aEyes on the back of the headPerson or creature has another pair of eyes (or one eye) on the back of his head or (rare) on his back
l1b1Demonic woman and her brothersA woman gets into conflict with her brothers and turns into dangerous demon
l48Demons devour their comradesA man kills (usually in a tree, on a rock, at the edge of a well, of a precipice) and/or throws down one of his enemies. The other enemies do not recognize their comrade and think that their prey is falling down
l49Body parts falling downBody parts of a person or pieces of his flesh are thrown down one by one. (In American Indian versions those who are on the ground usually take them for game, honey, fish)
l51Victims thrown to water creaturesA cannibal, a bush spirit or a dangerous animal throws his victims into the precipice where water creatures devour them
l53Stones into the mawA monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l62The Stone manStone man kills people but ultimately is killed himself
l65Demonic babyA baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l85eOne-leg peoplePerson has only one leg (and one arm) but has no problems with moving. Unlike motif L85 (one-sided people), the person’s body is complete
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m12The unlucky hunterNot to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband
m22Helpful stockA long-necked bird living near water (stork, heron, bittern, swan) saves person from dangerous pursuer
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29iTrickster-hawkIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hawk
m29rTrickster is a porcupineIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a porcupine
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m41The eye-jugglerPerson plays throwing his eyes or (Alaska Athabascans) his tooth up or away. Eyes or tooth first come back to eye sockets or mouth but eventually are lost
m42Eyes: taken out of orbits and lostPerson loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person
m42aEyes of berriesPerson (usually after losing his own eyes), makes new eyes of berries and is able to see again
m50Man follows starsA man tries to join a group of persons who are or become stars (usually the Pleiades) but suffers a reverse; or he pursues the stars to have sexual contact or to be reintegrated with members of his family
m51Meat in a treeOne of two animal-persons kills game. In the absence of the stronger one, the weaker one hides the meat to eat it alone later
m57aBeads discharged from the bodyInstead of common body discharges a man or a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular person
m57a3Female person is the producer of valuablesInstead of common body discharges a a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular female person. See motif m57a
m59Treacherous rider kills ferry animalA small animal asks bigger one to bring him across the stream, rejects one by one all possible places to sit; finds the position that lets him kill the big animal after crossing the stream
m59aPorcupine waiting for ferrymanPorcupine asks other animal to ferry him across river, rejects different places to sit, occupies a place where he can easily kill the animal after crossing the river and really kills him
m81Blind personsA man travels and comes to two or several blind (usually old) persons


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Menominee

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
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Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam