Early Chinese written sources



Tradition title rus: 
Древний Китай (письменные источники)
Areal ID: 
10.2.1.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
173.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
124.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a12cEclipses: reptiles and fishDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish
a16Dangers along the Sun’s wayEvery night the Sun passes by creatures or objects which try to destroy them
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a19c1The sun cartThe sun or the moon moves in a cart or sledge
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a2b1The last sunTwo or more suns shine in the sky. When the extra suns had been annihilated, there was a risk of the last one being destroyed too
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a32bThe Moon toadFrog or toad are seen in the moon or the Moon is associated with them
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a32lFigure in the SunThe figure of a person or creature is visible in the Sun or it is told that a person got to the Sun and remained there
a36The immortal MoonThe Moon, unlike people, revives or rejuvenates every month; or those who live in the Moon are immortal; or the Moon makes decision if people should die forever or regularly revive
a37The Sun is attacked with weaponsPerson intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)
a37aShooter hides undergroundSmall animal (marmot, rabbit, mole, toad, frog) or person who turns into this animal tried to hit the Sun with arrows and since then has been hiding from the Sun in underground holes or in the water
a39The new sun every daySuns are born and die every day
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a46The Sun and Moon emerge from the eyes of a beingThe Sun and Moon (Rig-Veda: the Sun only) appear from eyes of an anthropomorphic being
a46aThe Sun and Moon are eyes of a deityThe Sun and Moon (Rig-Veda: the Sun only) are associated with eyes of an anthropomorphic being (the motif of their emergence, creation from his eyes is not obligatory)
a4aThe Sun dazzles eyesModest Sun-woman dazzles (usually pricks with needles, i.e. the sun rays) eyes of those who look at her
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
b116bSacred book gets wetBecasue sacred book gets wet or sinks when people were crossing a river, it is lost or the text becomes unreadable. Or it is destroyed when people try to dry it or when they go to bath and let it lie on a shore
b116cSacred book lostIn the past a particular groups of people possessed scripture and knowledge that were later lost or the people missed opportunity to obtain them
b121A bird is eager to fill up the seaThere are creatures who hibernate having frozen snot under their noses
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2cThe earth is a human body, is born by the woman The earth, elements of the landscape or the fertile soil are the transformed body of a person or the earth (islands) were born by a woman
b2dMarriage of the sky and the earthThe male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth
b2eThe male earthThe earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)
b33hThe mother of the SunThe Sun has the mother who shares with him (rare: her) his dwelling place
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b4The fished out earthIslands or continent are fished out of the ocean or pulled to their present place by rope
b40aMissed opportunity to have hornsAnimal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them
b42qUrsa major is a carriageUrsa major is identified with a carriage, a cart
b43PurushaParts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
b79Cosmic eggFrom the primeval egg, eggs, or egg-like ball emerge the earth, the sky, sky bodies, different animals (all or part of the items of this list)
b80Measuring of the worldThe process of world creation includes the measuring of its size
b87AlcorAlcor (a weak star near the second star of the handle of the Big Dipper) is selected as a particular sky object
b93Meeting in the sky once a yearOnce a year or once in several years sky dwellers or messegers of the deity who are seen among the stars meet each other
b93aThe bird bridge over the sky riverOnce a year birds make a chain of their bodies to serve as a bridge щмук the celestial river. Usually feathers on their heads are worn down as a result
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c39The repaired skyWhen part of the sky was broken, the hole was filled up with stones or pieces of ice
c39aHeaven repaired with iceA crack in the sky or a fissure in the earth was repared with ice. Because of this the northern (northwester, northeatsren) wind is cold
c7The flood: breaking the damIn the beginning of times or after the flood a dam of earth, person or creature does not let water to recede. The dam is broken or opened, waters withdraw
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aGrinding stones matchBeing alone and having no other marriage partners, brother and sister agree to marry each other if a highly improbable event or a series of events will take place. Among the events that take place (alternatively or one after the other) are 1) the siblings let two grinding stones roll from two mountains, the brother's stone falls on the sister's one; 2) brother and sister throw two swords from two mountains, both swords get into one sheath; 3) they throw some objects up, the objects get together; 4) they kindle two fires, columns of smoke get together; 5) they put to grow two stems of bamboo, tops of the stems get together
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e17Origin of designHumans acquire (the idea of) ornamentation of the vessels, baskets, body, etc. or the idea of the system of signs after somebody gets to see the pattern on the body of zoomorphic and/or supernatural creature
e1dCanoes of clayFirst canoes were made of unfit materials
e32People born from treesFirst people are born by trees or come out of a tree, flower, reed
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e9i4Crane-wifeA man marries supernatural woman who is a (white) crane
f14Son of a man and a rockHero is born by a rock that was impregnated by a man
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f39The time of womenThe women dominated over the men in the past or in a far away land, were the active part in marriage relations, practiced activities which now are reserved of the men only. Or the women could obtained supremacy but failed to do it for some reason
f40bA man in a village of womenA man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f45aConception from windA woman or a female animal is impregnated deliberately exposing her genitals to the wind
f62Incognito at the feastAn (ostensibly) sick (ugly, weak, poorly clad) person remains at home when others go to the feast. The person comes by himself or herself looking like a handsome man or beautiful girl. The man (woman) does not recognize him (her) and feels against her (him) sexual interestю (All texts with motif k57, Chinderella, are also included into f62)
f65The false burialTo realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
f65aDeath feigned to meet paramourPerson pretends to die. His or her wife or husband abandons him or her on a burial place. He or she marries his or her paramour
f70Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuseWoman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him
f70bRevenge of a rejected womanA woman revenges on a man who rejected her love but necessary not pretends to be an object of sexual harassment from his part
f71Susan and the old men (the innocent slandered maiden)An innocent girl or young woman rejects a man who attempts to seduce her. The man accuses her of loose conduct, ultimately the truth comes to light
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
f86aAn eaten up petPerson take care for a fish, crab or other small creature. Another person spies on him or her, kills the pet and eats it up or try to do it
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
g8Restored treeA deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working
g8eCutting the Moon treePerson tries to cut down the tree in the Moon but the notch disappears and the tree becomes intact
h44Demonic spouse cuts in two her offpring from human beingHuman person becomes a wife (husband) of a demonic being. When they part with each other, the demon cuts (wants to cut) their offpring in two
h49bThe faithful dog as security for a debtA man gives his dog to another man. The dog proves to be brave and intelligent (drives off thieves, finds stolen treasure). The man who received the dog sends it back with a message of thanks. The owner, thinking the dog has run away, kills it and after this finds the letter
h55Sinners in other worldPerson who visits the other world gets to see different people punished or rewarded according to their behavior when they were alive on earth
h6dStolen immortalityPerson brings a remedy that gets immortality. While he is asleep or absent, somebody else steals the remedy
i100The Pleiades are girlsThe Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)
i103The dog starSirius is associated with a dog or a wolf
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i106Ursa major is a personUrsa major is only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons
i10aColored layers of the skyDifferent sky levels or different categories of clouds have different colors
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i111The earth is a reptileThe earth is the body of a crocodile or a dragon
i128Ursa major is a dipperUrsa major is a dipper, a ladle
i130The sky netOne of costellations is a hunting or fishing net, trap, snare
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i23Snapping doorThe door of a house is opening and closing by itself crashing persons who attempt to come in or out
i27dThe black dog’s jawsA certain black (red) dog has a negative influence on the human life (and is associated with the night sky)
i32Tree of the babiesThere is (or was) a tree on which souls of still unborn babies grow, which leaves transform into people, or which trunk is covered with female breasts or flowers that innumerable babies are sucking
i33Tree of the deadThe ultimate aim of the afterlife journey is to reach certain tree
i35a1aInsulting the GodPerson claims to be equal to the high god, imitating him, mocking upon him or making attempt to kill him
i38The dog-headsSome beings are half-men and half-dogs (usually anthropomorphic with heads of dogs)
i38aThe dog-husbandsDogs or dog-headed men are husbands of human women
i4Thunder rides in the skyThunder is heard when a vehicle moves in the sky
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i41bRainbow drinks waterRainbow drinks (soaks up) water
i42Rainbow is a pair of creaturesRainbow is two creatures or persons, usually a male and a female
i43aThe celestial monsterGiant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow
i43aThe celestial monsterGiant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow
i43bMilky Way is a serpent or fishMilky Way is a reptile, fish, or chain of fish
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i46Rainbow beltRainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt
i5Thunder is an animalThunder looks like a quadruped mammal (pig, buffalo, camel, anteater, tapir, dog, cat, leopard, monkey, etc.)
i50Ungulate animal with more than four legsAn ungulate animal (a horse, an elk, a moose) with six or more legs is described or represented in art
i52Fish the earth-holderWorld is supported by fish or fish-like monster or the earth itself is such a monster
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
i76aSnake turns into dragonAfter certain time a snake or fish turn into a dragon
i78The square earthThe earth is square, the sky is usually round
i81Waters rush down into the underworldWaters of all rivers on earth run to the precipice where they rush down into the underworld
i81a1The crab and the serpentThe confrontation between the crab and the serpent (eel) produces the present landscape features or has the cosmic scale
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i85Polaris is a pole, a nailPolaris is a (tethering) pole or a nail
i88Animal with many tailsThere is a zoomorphic being with many tails
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
j47Pursuer falls from heightPerson ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed
k106Thrown to cowsTo get rid of a baby child or of the magic cock, they throw him into enclosure for animals, but cows or other animals do not trample the child or cock down
k116bThe girl in the box is replaced with ferocious dogTo get a girl in his possession, the antagonist creates a situation when her relations must put her in a box (barrel, bag, etc.) and then abandon, throw it into the river or give it to him. The girl is imperceptibly replaced with a ferocious dog or other animal. Usually when the antagonist opens the box, the animal kills or injures him
k168An illusory life as long as a secondPerson gets to live a long life rich in events but eventually finds himself in the same place and moment from which the story begins.
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k22Dwarfs and cranesDifferent from (common) people inhabitants of a distant land fight from time to time with non-human enemies who periodically attack them
k22aDwarfs attackedBirds or other creatures which not dangerous for common people attack dwarfs who live in another world
k22bMan helps inhabitants of other worldInhabitants of a distant land who have different nature than (normal) human beings struggle from time to time with some non-human enemies. Man helps local dwellers because their enemies are not dangerous for the human beings
k23Battle with birdsBirds attack the inhabitants of a distant land or a man who had got to this land
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k29bPosthole murderHero is asked to climb into a hole or pit. When he does it, they fill it with soil or throw down a post, a stone, etc. The hero demonstrates his magic capacities coming back uninjured
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38bThe nestlings and the aggressive snakeA serpent or water monster regularly devours or injures children of a bird or other flying creature (almost always nestlings of giant bird). The hero kills the serpent (monster)
k38dMonster blocks watersA monster blocks sources of water (or sends floods) and usually gives some (promises not to send floods) in exchange for human victims or valuables. Hero kills the monster
k38f4Fire-breathing monsterFrom the mouth of a monstrous creature or person who is the enemy of the hero fire is coming out; its breath is fire
k39Man feeds his own flesh to a creature who helps himPerson has to feed powerful creature (usually a giant bird) giving it regularly pieces of meat. When meat supply is exhausted, he cuts off a piece of his own flesh
k47dDog fulfills conditions of marriageA girl marries a dog because only the dog fulfilled the condition of marriage put by the girl's father
k57CinderellaA girl who conceals her beauty and/or is poor and oppressed by her stepmother puts on a splendid attire and comes incognito to a feast where a man of high status falls in love with her. He marries her after identifying her by an object given to her or lost by her or (rare) seeing how she changes her clothes
k88The two travellers (Truth and Falsehood)Two men travel or argue about whether truth or falsehood (justice or injustice, etc.) is more powerful. The evil one abandons the good one robbing or blinding (maiming) him but the good one gets back his sight and becomes rich. The evil one usually perishes
k95The twining branches (united in death)Two persons who loved each other (usually a man and a girl) are buried in one grave or not far from each other. After the burial something related to this event takes place (two plants grow up and stretch their branches to each other, smoke of two funeral pyres is merged, two birds flu out from the grave, two stars appear on the sky, etc.)
l107The ear-sleepersAnthropomorphic beings have huge ears (use them for blankets, umbrellas, etc.)
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l17Face on breastThere is a headless anthropomorphic being who has eyes and/or mouth on his or her breast
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l19b2The nine-headed monsterA monster with nine heads is mentioned either alone or at the end of the row of creatures with ever bigger number of heads
l37bSecrets accidentally overheardPerson accidentally overhears secrets of animals or demons and thus gets to know the causes of his and other people's misfortunes
l65Demonic babyA baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
m152bBrave donkey and cowardly lionGetting to see a donkey (horse, deer) for the first time, a strong predator thinks that this animal is dangerous. His further interpretation of the herbivorous’ behavior supports this impression
m18Stolen arrows and hooksPerson transforms himself into an object of hunting or fishing, provokes hunters of fishermen to catch or shoot him and carries way the tools that they use (arrows, darts, harpoons, hooks, baits). Or he fishes by turning himself into a hook. Or he is caught but escapes turning back into a person
m18aGetting arrowsPerson turns into a fish or game and exposes himself as a target. A lot of arrows, darts or harpoons stick in his body making him no harm, he carries them away
m202Thorn removed from lion’s pawPerson removes a thorn from the paw (bone from the throat) of a strong and dangerous animal or a demon, the animal (demon) is grateful
m3Chain of animalsPerson crosses a water or air space along the chain of many animals, birds or fish
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m75b1aThe predestined wifeA man (usually of high social position) learns by a prediction that a (newborn) girl will be his future wife or a girl from rich family gets to know that her future husband is a poor man. The man (the girl, something else) attempts to kill the predestined marriage partner but only wounds her or him. After the wedding it becomes clear that the prediction is fulfilled
m75b3The Trojan Horse: victory over enemiesA life-size or larger than life-size figure of a horse or a bull is demonstrated to enemies. They do not understand that this is a stratagem and carry the figure to their territory. As a result, the invasion becomes possible and the enemies are defeated
m91aSimulated killing (a bag with blood)Person pierces a bladder with blood or red juice, simulates murder or suicide
n4Ribs with no intervalsStrong men have ribs grown together to form a kind of an armor or shell


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Shanxi and Hebei Chinese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Viet, Muong
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Guangdong, Guanxi and Yunnan Chinese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Southern and Central; Ryukyu Islands: Yaeyama, Miyako, Okinawa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bulgarians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Chinese folklore: Anhui, Jiangxi and data without precise provinience (incl Hakka, Min Dong)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Koreans; Goguryeo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Kalmyk
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Greeks (modern)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Indian literary tradition (Vedic, Brahman, Purana, Indian Buddhism, Hinduism, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Panchtantra, Jatakas); iconography of Hindu temples
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Georgians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kashmiri
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Viet, Muong
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit